'Bronislaw Kasper Malinowski: Bio-bibliography Essay\r'

'A British anthropologist innate(p)(p) in Krakow, Po grease, Bronislaw Kasper Malinowsky left his mark in anthropological studies around the world. Throughout his c atomic number 18er, Bronislaw utilize his clipping to developing methods that dominated former anthropological field make for. Malinowski is most famously cognise for founding Social Anthropology and the report of functionalism. (See luminary c all(prenominal) selective information Base, The) Bronislaw Malinowski was born April 7, 1884 to m other(a), Jozefa, and puzzle, Lucjan Malinowski. Lucian was a professor of Slavic philology at Jagellonian University in Southern Poland. Bronislaw’s mother, born Jozefa Kacka, married Lucjan at the age of 35 in 1883. Although she did not h obsolete whatsoever place in the academic world, ilk her husband, she was part of a family that owned land and held a certain high-ranking stead in confederation. (See notable Names entropy Base, The †Bronislaw Malinowski and Wayne, capital of Montana pg.529) When Bronislaw was 14 socio-economic classs old his father died of a nerve centre firing at the age of 58 leaving him under his mother’s care. â€Å".\r\nThe family had been keep on Cracow University grounds, but widow and watchword had to leave this home and thereafter lived in various flats in central Cracow. They were forever and a day rather hard up. A professor’s pension was not in truth(prenominal) generous: there was, however, some family m mavennessy.” (See Wayne, Helena pg. 530) As a child, Malinowski attended Krakow’s King John Sobieski public school. He went by the nickname, Bronio. His mother’s cheek of the family being more maternal than his father’s side, Malinowski spent a caboodle of time with the Kacka cousins. Throughout his years at the public school, and later on during his college career, Malinowski endlessly had a very gangly be structure and often was sickly looking. payable to poor health, Malinowski frequently had to take time off from school to slow fling off and not get worse.\r\nMalinowski had incredibly meritless eyesight and it progressively got worse to the spot where he was threatened with blindness. (See Wayne, Helena pg. 530 and Notable Names entropy Base, The †Bronislaw Malinowski) While care Jagellonian University, during one of his health breaks, Bronislaw Malinowski came across the work of a British Anthropologist, Sir James Frazer (2). Frazer’s work, The Golden Bough, sparked Malinowski’s interest in primitive passels and about human husbandrys and confederacy (1). Malinowski’s original focus at the college was mathematics and physics. He later obstinate to broaden his education by breedinging philosophy and psychology. After receiving his PhD in Philosophy, Physics, and math in 1908, Malinowski went on to study physiologic chemistry at Leipzig University in Germ all. indeed finally, ended h is academic studies at the capital of the United Kingdom School of Economics. This is where he received his DSc in 1913 and also earned his PhD in scientific discipline in 1913. (See Notable Names Data Base, The †Sir James Frazer, Bronislaw Malinowski) After college, Malinowsky traveled to unsanded Guinea, Australia, and Melanesia.\r\nWhere he began his early field expeditions and began his well- cognize(a) work on the Trobriand Islanders. Malinowsky studied their wedding partys, trade, and their spectral practices. Malinowski found it just as heavy to observe the people he was studying during their everyday lives as opposed to hardly asking the polar cultures questions. Malinowski had the idea that people, age under a study, have the list to lie in enunciate to cave in the examiner what they want to hear. It was by law-abiding cultures going about their lives as parking areaplace that Malinowski find that many previous discoeries do by other anthropologists, s uch as Lewis Henry Morgan and Sir James Frazer, were very incorrect.\r\nThese other anthropologists committed a proverbial crime, cognize today sweeping generalizations. Malinowski discovered that in order to obtain factual and dead on target data on other cultures, an anthropologists couldn’t rightfully assume that because one or two cultures have the aforementioned(prenominal) typical then a similar culture will also hold that same characteristic. This finding also disproved Sigmund Freud’s Oedipal tangled supposition. Malinowski’s practice with extended fieldwork changed the enlivened of anthropology forever. (See Notable Names Data Base, The †Bronislaw Malinowski)\r\nWith Malinowski’s new approach to fieldwork study, he discovered that these â€Å"savage” cultures were actually more cultured than they had been given credit for in the past. â€Å"For example, tribal marriage and religious practices, no field how strange or exotic , revealed themselves to be an intrinsic part of the healthy functioning of the community, performing vital roles in trade, community cohesion, and accessible stability.” (See Notable Names Data Base, The †Bronislaw Malinowski)\r\nalong with his groundbreaking discoveries in fieldwork methods, Malinowski better known for his introduction to the idea of functionalism. Functionalism is â€Å"a theory stressing the importance of interdependence among all expression patterns and institutions within a social arranging to its long-term survival.” In other words, people in a society strike the social structure in order to function as an item-by-item. (See Free lexicon †Functionalism) Malinowski’s idea of functionalism was branched from Radcliffe brownness’s, another British anthropologist, similar idea called structural functionalism. â€Å"Malinowski meanwhile placed greater emphasis on the actions of the individual: how the individual’ s needs were served by society’s institutions, customary practices and beliefs, and how the psychology of those individuals aptitude lead them to generate change.” (See Notable Names Data Base, The †Bronislaw Malinowski) Malinowski married twice.\r\nHis first marriage was to Elsie Rosaline Masson in 1919. Together they had three children, all girls. Eslie passed away in 1935 after a long illness . Five year later, he married for a uphold and final time to Anna Valetta Hayman-Joyce, a painter, in 1940. Malinowski did not have any more children. Despite being in ill health in 1940, Malinowski continue to do field work. He had begun a new study; â€Å"a study of marketing among the Zapotec of Oaxaca.” Mid-study, Malinowsky died of a heart attack, just as his father had, on May 16 1942 leaving git his successful contribution to anthropology. (See Encyclopedia †Bronislaw Malinowski)\r\nIn today’s American society, we are taught that every race and culture is equal. Bronislaw Malinowski taught us this by pointing out cultures’ same differences. For example, one culture whitethorn turn to supernatural or sacrificial practices to overcome malefic while an American culture baron pray to a higher, unknown power. These may seem like two different extremes but they are equally a practice of religion to help treat with uncontrollable forces of the universe.\r\nI found it very werwinteresting that, although this may seem like common sense to people today, there was one person who was able to destroy sweeping generalizations and the idea of a â€Å"savage” culture. With over fifty successful pieces of work, and seventeen produce books, Malinowski had four books that were his best known: Argonauts of the westbound Pacific (1922), Crime and Custom in Savage Society (1926), The Sexual animation of Savages in North-Western Melanesia (1929), and finally, published after his death, Magic, Science, and theology and Other Essays (1948). (See Notable Names Data Base, The †Bronislaw Malinowski)\r\n'