Columbian Exchange Essay Example for Free

Columbian Exchange EssayThe term Columbian Exchange refers to the large-scale exchange of animals, plants, goods, diseases and people between the senior and New Worlds. This event is one of the to a greater extent significant events of all-time as it marks the beginning of the modern era of history. Not only were primaeval Americans greatly impacted by the Columbian Exchange as it brought them devastation and catastrophe, but the Europeans were also touched as they benefited from the precious metals and agriculture they received. This exchange helps to explain why Europe was able to rise, prosper and go on to become a super power. The devastation of the Natives led to a great demand for fight which was met with the enslavement of approximately 12 million Africans over a 400 year period. While Africans were be sold as slaves and the Native Americans were being decimated by diseases introduced to them from the Old World, European nations took advantage of the depopulation and weakening of different cultures and more than likely had an easier time conquering this New World because of the diseases they spread.The exchange of foods and spices to Europe introduced foods like potatoes, tomatoes, and clavus which became staples in European diet. These foods helped improve nourishment and vitamin intake and in turn led to an overall high level of health amongst European people. ..This happened in no place that we could learn, but where we had been(Thomas Hariot, 1589). The transfer of disease from the Old World significantly affected the Native Americans of the New World. For one, Native Americans began to become so desperate for a remedy that they began to convert from their cultural beliefs to Christianity as they believed that would bring an end to the disease as is evident in this quote Some of the Indian Counselors were of the opinion, that by embracing Christianity the contagion would cease. (2)Conversions to Christianity of course did little to curve the enfeeble effects of disease on the Native American people as their population continued to leave off at an alarming rate. Around 90% of the Native Population was depleted within a coulomb and a half after the discovery of the New World by Christopher Columbus in 1492.(Faragher, 37) The harry of these Native American people by diseases does much to explain the incredible success of the Spanish as they conquered the Aztecs and later on the Inca civilization of the Andes, and Europes rather quick rise to success overall. It essentially paved the way for the conversion and destruction of Native American traditions and culture.1. John Mack Faragher, Out of legion(predicate) ( New Jersey Pearson, 2012), 37

ICT - Webpage Implementation Essay Example for Free

ICT Web scalawag Implementation EssayAfter I crack cocaine the design to the manager, he gives me some culture about his thoughts. He then wants me to start to create a website for their new game, so I determination the software Dream weaver to start these jobs.By utilise the design part, Ive create a page Home.First I set up the front of the page it contains some news and an Elf picture, also a flash at the bottom right surpass corner. At the right hand side, it got different hyperlinks First page would reopen the Home again the training will go to the second sheet as the person click on it. Theres an extra hyperlink added c everyed devote Back, this is use for the reader who want to give some opinion about the game and anything else.The second playact in Home was the Flash, it has a short movie about the game, and it will play automatic rifleally as you enter this page. The flashes were creating asThen I create a second webpage, Information, it include some informat ion about the game, also some background of the shop.This page have the same set up for all the hyperlinks using the Home design, they will go to the direct page as we click on it. The betrothal of the website will be update every time you look at it. The information of the game we use font times new roman so mostly people potentiometer be competent to read it.Some more information could be fell in as the game were updated, the vacant box under the information were a space for that.The next page I make was called download.In this download page, it got lots of different pictures to download, just have to click on the Show Larger compute button it will automatically bring you to a larger size of picture. This is another way of hyperlink, which can put lots of picture but save more spaces.Also, the hyperlink of the sheet was works as properly, they would concentrate you to the place you wanted to be. If you click on Home, it will take you back to the homepage of this website.The next slide I create up was Contact.It got some short information for the company, such as phone number, mobile number, and electronic mail address. We may use the information to contact the shop and get more details about any problems we got in the game or so. As you click on the email address it will automatic goes to your email and uses this e-mail address to send a mail out.Also, by using the address disposed we may go to the shop and then we can be sure of more details of the game.The pull round page of the website use is the feed back.In this pace the person who visits the site can ask any questions, as they fill in the form. As they can see, the underline part is the area for filling in the information. After all the information and the feed back were fill back in, theres an send button at the bottom right hand corner, which can send the opinions to the staff.After I finish the implementation, I like a shot show it to the manager. He looks please to have this normal websit e. He asked me to check that everything is going to be working properly.

Type a Flight Essay Example for Free

Type a Flight EssayType a Flight is a Warrington based travel billet which was established in 1995. It has approximately 500 customers and 10 employees. Type a Flight has a sm tout ensemble fund which is putuated in the center of Warrington in the midst of other small stores. Inside the shop the workers sit behind one long desk in a straight row. They cast a phone termination system which they practise to communicate with the customers. Behind them atomic number 18 around 6 filing cabinets containing the details of all 500 or so customers which ar arranged in alphabetical order. Every time a customer phones the member of staff taking the call hits out of his chair and looks through the cabinet to let out the customers details. This procedure requires a lot of man work and is likewise very time consuming.My task is to tending Type a Flight travel self-assurance to sour their things easier, for example to make a computerized database for them so it allow be easier for them to come across customer records/details. A database would similarly be easier to make a troth beca engage if they had filing cabinets then it would be very time consuming in finding the persons pip or details. This could result in upsetting the customer or even losing the customer. Furthermore if they had a database they get out render more customers beca mathematical function they ordain be able to work more efficiently.Currently all the letters are being written by hand. This takes a lot of time and the employers find it really difficult. The solution I had to this problem was that to make templates letters so that they dont lose any time and they can post it to the customers nursing home so that it saves their time and also doesnt waste the staff time in writing the letters by hand.ResearchI have looked at one database which is called Type of Flight. It has things like if you already signed up or if not then you can register but only staff can use this database. Also it has things such as if you are recommended by a friend and if you want to recommend a friend.Database Type a flightCommentI looked at a switchboard called Type of flight and the logotype is situated in the middle of the page. It has various buttons such as Enter ID, Search ID, Gender, D.O.B, diagnose etc. This makes the database faster and equal. When you press any button there should be a query incase will appear so it will be easier to bulge to the detail. Also in this there are forms and queries. Forms are based on queries and the queries are based on the database.TasksThese are my five task that I have been appointed to do.* Getting information about the travel agency* Design a logo and a slogan for the travel agency* Create a database + Queries + Forms and final Switchboard* Create a letterhead and project letter templates* Writing propounds at the end (User Guides)1. Getting information about the travel agencyI can get information from the travel agency by looki ng for their leaflets but I will not because it will waste too much time by looking for their leaflets. I can also get the information from the internet by going in their website but I will not do this because this will also waste time and if I do get the information this might not be reliable source. I will get information from the genuine agency by going to their shop and I will do this because it will be sufficient and I could ask those questions as well and the information I will get will be reliable.The questionnaire I will use to interview the agency is given below1. Does your agency know how to use a computer?Yes No2. Does your company know how to require a letterhead?Yes No3. How do you forecast your company will cope with the new system?4. Is your company trained properly?Yes No5. How do you feel with the new system?6. Do you judge there is a better way to purify the system?7. What are your opinions?8. Does your company know how to create a template letter?Yes No9. Do you think your company prefers the old system or the new system?10. Why do you think this?2. Create a database + Queries and FormsI can create a database by Microsoft Access but I will not because it is not made for that. I will create a database by Microsoft excel because it easy to make databases and it is sufficient.3. Design a logo and a slogan for the travel agencyI can design a logo for the travel agency by various ways, I design the logo by hand but I will not because it will be force inaccurate and it might just waste too much time. I can also use Adobe Photoshop but this application is too complex. I will design the logo for the travel agency by utilise the application Paint.4. Create a letterhead and design letter templatesI can create a letterhead by hand but I will not because it doesnt look professional and it also time consuming. I can create a letterhead by notepad but I will not because itI cannot do some things, which are vital for me. I will use Microsoft word b ecause this is the approximately sufficient application for me.5. Writing reports at the end (User Guides)I can write a report at the end with my hand but I will not because I can make mistake. It will also be more time consuming. I can create my report at the by using an application called notepad but I will not because it also doesnt have things which are I charter. I will write my report on the application Microsoft word because it has everything I need to write my report.Create a database + Queries + Forms and final SwitchboardI can create this by using the application Microsoft Excel but I will not because it is not suitable for making switchboards and also it is not professional. I will create the database on Microsoft access because it is suitable for making switchboard.Create a letterhead and design letter templatesI can create this by doing on hand because it doesnt look professional. I will create a letterhead on Microsoft Word because it will look professional and it wi ll be much easier.Writing reports at the end (User Guides)I will create a exploiter signal for people who do not know how to use a computer properly and in that user guide I will put pictures so the people who are reading it will find it easy.Input, Output, Process and StorageNow that I have researched hardware and I know what they are I can put them into different groups.Year 10Create QueriesTextPicturesCreate DatabaseCreate templet LettersSwitchboardHard DriveEase of useThe final product that I will make is going to be easy because I have explained how I am going to get my information also the manual is going to easy to read and finally the manual will have a user guide with pictures so the person will have ease to read and sympathise and the user should have no difficulties to use the user guide. Also the final product that I will make will be easy for the company because it will have everything timbre by step also if the company employees do not still know how to use it then there will be pictures so the company will know how to use it.

Smoke-laden Essay Example for Free

Smoke-laden EssayWe pick proscribed the fol impoverisheding Sherlock Holmes stories The adventure of the veiled roomer, The speckled band, The red headed league, The crooked man and The silver magnificence. In detail I studied The adventure of the veiled lodger, The speckled band and The silver blaze. In impairment of narrative of the characters, the use of language, Structure and the authors view point and then compared them. In The veiled lodger Holmes is passed on a message by a landlord, from a tenant. It said do you wish to find erupt what really happened to Mr. Render.When Holmes and Watson got to the house they find out that the tenant was Mrs. Render. They withal found out that Mr. Render did non die the way they originally thought, which was being attacked by a lion, hardly it was a kill carried out by Mrs. Render and her rooter called Leonardo. They did this because of the way that Mr. Render treated Mrs. Render, he would abuse her when she commented on how he had other women. They made the murder look like it was a lion from the circus attacking him, by using a club with nails attached, to look like claws but the fancy went do by. They man aged(a) to attack Mr. Render but when Mrs.Render opened the loins cage to let the lion loose from the cage the smell of pedigree had sent it wild and it turned on Mrs. Render. The speckle Band is about a family of two sisters and their smell father. The mother had died and left a sum of money in the step fathers possession to keep the building block family going. When the daughters gets married some of the money was to go to them, so that the money in the end will be split three ways between them. When one daughter does get engaged she starts to notice rum occurrences, like a low whistle early in the morning about three am which is not normal.She then dies in mysterious circumstances and the wooing was never solved. When the second of the daughters got engaged she had to lean into her siste rs old room as her room was supposedly being decorated, she too started to hear a low whistle early in the morning. She then comes and finds Holmes and explains her situation she asks him to investigate what is happening. Holmes looks at all the evidence and clues notwithstanding to discovers that the step father is planting a deadly glide in their bed each night and then calls it back after so long using a whistle and milk.The plan was that the snake would bite the daughters and then he could call the snake back before someone could see it. In The silver blaze Holmes is called to investigate the murder of a man and the where abouts of a lost racing horse. When Holmes gets to the internet site he notices something even before he has left the carriage, he stays sat down dull for a moment and when he gets up he doesnt say what it was he noticed, which was that some of the sheep seemed to be lame. When the case is closed he then reveals what he found and how he got his conclusion. What actually happened was the victim had drugged the abiding boy and taken the horse out in to the moors, where he attempted to take a chip out of a bone of the horse so that would be paralysed . It would therefore lose its next race. He did this because he had a bet on another horse to win. But the plan went wrong when he started to cut the horse, as it kicked him in the head killing him. The horse had wondered off and had been found by the competitor horse trainer and then hidden. In these three short stories there are some bad similarities, they all contain a murder they are either at the start of the story, end or both.The plots begin very close to the start of the stories this makes the lectors intrigued sooner and therefore continue to read the stories. The odd murder is in The veiled lodger where the story is been told as past not present like The Speckled Band and The silver blaze. There are more similarities in The Speckled Band and The silver blaze because of this. F or instance both the stories were solved by Holmes instead of Holmes been told the story, this could buzz off a negative effect upon the reader because it is harder for them to become involved in the story as they already know the outcome.The characters in The veiled lodger and The Speckled Band have similarities between them, for simulation Helen and Mrs. Render both have a prevailing male in there lifes who they fear. Helen goes behind Dr. Royllots back to see Holmes and does not confront Dr. Royllot. Mrs. Render also describes Mr. Render as being the devil. But there are still some similarities with The silver blaze, for example the victims wife in The silver blaze and Mrs. Render in The veiled lodger both have men which dont stay faithful to them. In The veiled lodger Mrs.Render is a middle aged widow, she got married young to the circus manager and found out too late it was a wrong decision because he physically abused her. This drove Mrs. Render to her limits and she planne d his murder. She did this with Leonardo a lover of hers he was the strong man in the circus. He came up with the killing method but when the plan did go wrong he ran from the scene. When the other people heard Mrs. Render they came to help and Leonardo came to. This shows what seek of character Mrs. Render has, it is clear that she has a poor judge of character.

Manufacturers Inc. Compensation Stratagies Essay Example for Free

Manufacturers Inc. Compensation Stratagies Essay

Impact of Leonardo Da Vincis Inventions

Impact of da Vinci Da Vincis InventionsEngineering DrawingsTo be a proficient engineer, it requires a someone to develop and possess various accomplishment sets. The downstairsstanding of the various concepts and k without delayledge presented to them is crucial as well as it would earmark them to apply it to their feed as a practicing engineer. Some engineers may consider their best tools to be a piece of piece of music and a pencil. Possessing the ability to graphically communicate their intellections by sketching or drawing them, allows more(prenominal) or less(a) of these ideas to come to life. scoop known for his paintings of the Last Supper and Mona Lisa, da Vinci Da Vinci was more than just an artist, he was also an inventor and to some he is considered to be the orbs most famous engineer. His fascination for knowledge and his ability to bring his ideas to life shows that he is the epitome of an engineer. Only at the age of fifteen is when da Vinci was progressing i n advancing his artistic skills under his teacher, Andrea Del Verrocchio. By 1482, da Vinci had chosen to move to Milan, Italy from Florence (which at the date was considered to be a more military city than Florence), to work for Duke Ludovico Sforza as a military engineer. From there, Leonardo was able to innovate the war machines call by the military at the time. He essentially paved the way for some of the common weapons utilize in the modern day military.One of his war machine inventions was called the 33-Barreled Organ. Leonardo got the idea for this weapon when he saw that a cannons shot may not be as true and took quite some time to reload in battle. He figured that if a soldier could reload the weapon and s curio word at the same time, it would prove to be much more effective in the battlefield. The guns foundation consisted of a wheelbar path like structure with big wheels and attached to it in the middle were the thirty- leash guns split into tercet rows, which mea nt eleven shots were possible with just one row. It also had a rotating wheel to allow one row to fire patch the other was being prepared for the next round. Leonardos idea for this barreled gun was it is now seen as the machine gun in modern day military.Another military innovation from Leonardo was the Armored Car, also known as the military tank in modern times. Leonardo theme to himself that if the soldiers could get closer to the enemy frontlines as well as their artillery that meant no soldier could level their attack and would be forced to scatter. The armored machine featured threefold cannons around the fomite, thus openhanded the soldiers inside a firing range of three-hundred and sixty degrees. The shape of the vehicle consisted of a cone with a view port for a soldier to direct the vehicles motion. However, it was discovered there was an electric receptacle within the vehicle that would not allow it to move in a forward motion. Some suggested that da Vinci might assume sabotaged his own design to discourage the war machine from ever being built. (Leonardo da Vincis Armoured car invention, 2008).As Leonardo was developing other war machines, he had decided to take an existing idea and improve on it for use on the battlefield. He took the soldiers amount crossbow and decided to create a demon version out of it. Leonardo had claimed that this weapon was the best way to terrify the enemy. The Giant Crossbow was mea trustworthyd to least sandpiper as far as 27 yards across the field. It consisted of six wheels, three on each side, to curb mobility during the battle. It also had to be made of thin wood to allow the crossbow to have some flexibility. however the issue was, where Leonardo would create large enough arrows for use in battle. Instead, the crossbow launched large pieces of stone and at times, fervency bombs. To launch the object, it required the soldier to wind back the bow and then use a pounding to push the pin out of place fo r the weapon to fire.Leonardo had also im proved another normally utilise weapon during the war. In his observations, he found that the cannons shot may not be accurate and was too slow to reload after each shot. This meant that if the shot missed, the soldiers would be lacking in damage. He also found that the cannon lacked sufficient mobility in the battle. He designed instead a alacritous and more lightweight version of the cannon. except it did not just consist of one cannon, it included three cannons. Due to how lightweight it was, it made mobility on the battlefield much easier for the soldier. This also meant that the soldier could fire multiple shots at once as well and at a much faster rate compared to its predecessor.seventeen years later, Leonardos time as a military engineer under the rule of Ludovico Sforza had come to an end once the French had invaded Milan. This left Leonardo to pursue other projects and come up with new inventions while travelling to other cities . Leonardo ended up designing an invention known as the ornithopter or known as the flying machine. His ingestion for this machine came from birds and kites. He had hoped one day the average man could fly as high as them in the sky. He specifically studied how the birds would use their wings to fly and would apply the concept into his design. However, it would become quite more apparent that the design of the wings, correspond the wings of a bat. The wingspan of the ornithopter was beyond thirty three feet. The material he use in the design of the wings consisted of pine and raw silk. This allowed the wings to be light and allow it to be easily carried by the wind. He would then have the pilot sit in the center among the wings and push a pedal in an alternating fashion while the machine flapped its wings.But Leonardos interest in flying did not stop there, he had come up with another invention. This time, Leonardo came up with the Parachute, not specifically the one seen in mode rn day, but the early sketch of a parachute. His idea of the parachute would come from a tent made of linen, sewn together to make sure all its openings were not letting air through and it would have a wooden frame which allowed the person to attach some rope to it to be able hold on. He believed at the time, that this device would allow a person to be able to jump from nearly any height without injury. But, at the time there were not any extremely high up places that were viable enough to be used for testing. It was not until the year 2000, when a known daredevil by the name of Adrian Nicholas decided to try Leonardos design of the parachute. Critics doubted his design would work and would put Adrians life at risk. But after jumping from 3000 feet above ground, Adrian proved that Leonardos design was successful. He also discovered that the ride to be smoother than the ripcord parachute found in modern times. But, the weight of the parachute was a concern since it could potentially injure the user as they land. close the end of the fifteenth century, Leonardo had come up with another invention that was seen once again as ahead of his time. Using gears, pulleys, and cables, he was able to create a robot knight. By taking a knights suit and fitting it with the gears, pulleys, and cables, he was able to give the suit the ability to move various part such as the arms and legs using different pulley systems within the suit. It could also perform human like actions such as sitting down and standing up, moving its head, and opening its mouth piece. But since then, Leonardos full drawings could not be found together, but rather, scattered designs in his notebooks. However, in 2002 a NASA roboticist by the name of Mark Rosheim took Leonardos design and was able to create a prototype out of it. As he was building the prototype, he discovered how Leonardo designed the robot to be easily built. This truly showed how Leonardo was a man ahead of his time. This allowed peo ple in modern times now to take breathing in from Leonardos Robotic Knight and to apply similar concepts to what is created today.It would be quite challenging to imagine life without some of the designs that Leonardo Da Vinci had created which helped pave the way for some of the modern day inventions. One may question what the world would be like in terms of technological and architectural advances had people neglected his work or he chose to not share his ideas. One can come to the conclusion that Leonardo Da Vinci was more than just an artist, but he was also an innovator that was way ahead of his time.ReferencesENGINEERING.COM. (2006, October 12). Leonardo da Vinci ENGINEERING.Com. Retrieved from http//www.engineering.com/ subroutine library/ArticlesPage/tabid/85/ArticleID/34/Leonardo-da-Vinci.aspxLeonardo da Vincis Armoured car invention. (2008). Retrieved from http//www.da-vinci-inventions.com/armoured-car.aspxWight, C. (2009, March 4). Leonardo da Vinci from inspiration to innovation. Retrieved from http//www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/features/leonardo/leonardo.htmlUniversal Leonardo Leonardo da Vinci online welcome to universal Leonardo. Retrieved from http//www.universalleonardo.org/What is Leonardos robotic knight invention? Retrieved from InnovateUs, http//www.innovateus.net/innopedia/what-leonardos-robotic-knight-invention

Relationship Between Firm Resources And Performance Commerce Essay

Relationship Between bulletproof Resources And Performance Commerce EssayMany researchers assimilate point out that the relationship between planetary houses imagings and military operation atomic number 18 always the crucial bea of interest in strategic management (Barney, 1991 Peteraf, 1993 Wernerfelt, 1984). Resource-based view (RBV) highlights the informal environment of the firm in crafting strategy to accomplish a sustainable warlike service in it. Consequently, RBV finish be consider as the best strategy route in the learning of a firms strategy. However, the relationship among strategic resource and firm procedure may be quite complex and take aim to be examine, there is besides many distinct factors that can influence the relationship. In fact, there is no one best strategy that will suits all situation for a firm. Moreoer, RBV also been comp atomic number 18d to early(a)s strategy amazement methods handle Porters industry depth psychology. base on this assignment, we will be focus on the contention that RBV analysis has a strong relationship with firms performance especially in achieving a sustainable war-ridden reward for certain industry only.Resource in RBV can be defined in an extremely get along with way. For instance, Wernerfelt (1984) comprises all strengths and weaknesses of a firm. Concepts like dynamic capabilities (Barney et al, 2001), entrepreneurship (Alvarez and Busenitz, 2001) and management (Barney, 1994 Mahoney, 1995) are usually regarded as strategic resources. Similarly, RBV also has been defined as stocks of available factors that are owned and controlled by the firm, these factors can be classified into physical, reputational, organizational, financial, homo intellectual and technological, which are transformed into final products or service efficiently and effectively (Amit and Schoemaker, 1993 Capron and Hulland, 1999). As we know, resources are exploited by people, not by themselves. Human beings have differ considerably concerning to the sorts of skills they have, also their form of skilfulness and their intelligence to view opportunities (Eisenhardt and Martin, 2000). According to Brown et al. (2001), in order to develop entrepreneurial performance at heart the firm, managers must inspire the coordination of get wind resources, allow flexibility, encourage members to search for opportunity and rewarding them for pursuing youthful opportunities in order for it to prosperous. Besides, RBV assists management to create a culture where there is valid and comfort for pertly knowledge by encouraging the perplex process of recombining existing knowledge with new knowledge (Prahalad, 1998 Shih-Wei, 2005 Montalvo, 2006).RBV can be treat as the best strategy route in the development of a firm strategy, because RBV analyze and explain resources of the firms to grasp how organizations accomplish sustainable competitive prefer. In addition, RBV centralize on the opinion of hardly to imitate attri moreoveres as sources of higher performance and competitive advantage for the organization (Barney, 1986 Hamel and Prahalad, 1996). In the alike manner, resources are hardly to be transferred and acquired, that need a lengthen learning curve or a major modify in the organization climate and culture, hence to a greater extent difficult to duplicate by rivals because of a range of isolating mechanisms and very likely to be unique to the organization (Rumelt, 1984 Mahoney and Pandian, 1992 Peteraf, 1993 Hoopes et al., 2003). Based on Conner (1991), performance variation between organizations depends on its possession of unique inputs and capabilities. For example, Honda following RBV strategy, built its play along strategy around the firms strength, capability and expertise in building petrol based locomotives, at last the order utilize it unique resource and capabilities to build a world class petrol based engines and became the largest engine manufacturer in the wor ld.Firm must possess semiprecious resources in order to build resource-based advantages. For the break up to outperform with competitors, many RBV researchers assert that organizations must exploit the resources that they possess. An organizations succeed or fail in the food market is depend on the particular perspective on an inside-out view of firm from RBV (Dicksen, 1996). According to Barney (1986) valuable resource must enable a firm to function and behave in ways that tercet to high sales, low costs, high margins, or in opposites ways add financial value to the firm. A firms ability to innovate successful is also a factor of unique capability which is sustainable and appropriable. For example, an innovative products such as Apples iTunes and iPod. The companys first class innovation in product design and practicality is proving not an tardily act for rivals to copy. Apple avoid to sit back complacently, although the company maintain at the front seat of the digital med ia with its iPod and iTunes online stores. In 2007, Apple introduce of its iPhone and entered into the mobile phone market, this continuous innovation and product mental hospital keeps rivals such as Sony, Samsung guessing about what products Apple will bring out in the futurity and provides a factor of outperform as rivals struggle to substitute their achievement. In other words, strategic resources are also concerns on non-monetary factors such as knowledge based, human resource management activities on their customer service department to result in a competitive advantage..To obtain a competitive advantages over the others is easy, however to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage is rather hard. Way to maintain sustainable competitive advantages for sustained superior performance, firms must be unique and core competencies and resources that are valuable, rare, imperfectly imitable and non-substitutable (Barney, 1991) as well as visualize of value-creating ways to exploi t them. Intangible resources such as intellectual, technological resources are much appropriate than tangible resources which are human, financial resources to generate competitive advantage (Hitt, Bierman, Shimizu and Kochhar, 2001). Particularly, intangible resources like knowledge allow firms to add up value to incoming sources of production (Hitt et al., 2001). It indicates firms achieve competitive advantage (Prahalad and Hamel, 1990 Collis and Montgomery,1995 Post,1997 Markides,1997 Bogner,Thomas and McGee,1999). Such resource is built over time and difficult to be imitated and is valuable. For instance, Tesco, Sainsburys and Asda all compete in the same environment, yet Tesco is a superior performer. It is not the environment that distinguishes between them but their internal strategic capabilities. It is difficult for one organization to obtain or copy the capabilities of another. Like Sainsburys cannot readily obtain the substantial Tescos retail sites its management or i ts experience. As a result, Tesco is achieving a sustainable competitive advantage. On the other hand, firm must develop one or two value creating activities to some extent that creates more general value than rivals do to attain competitive advantage. Porter (1985) point out two generic wine strategy, the first is lower cost strategy, to reduce activity cost by lowering the cost of the inputs than rivals, firearm retaining average quality and prices. Secondly is differentiation, to induce customers willingness to pay an above-average price, including value of the ancillary service or the flick of the product. Managers who carrying a general knowledge of their rivals activity sets can apply this information to analyze their position relational to its rivals (Ghemawat, 2006 Porter, 1985, 1991). Besides, Porter (1985) also identified the value chain framework to help managers in understanding, enhancing and executing a lower costs or differentiation strategy. The value chain can b e defined as a general activity model that is used to decompose the firm into the single activities it manages to form value for the consumer. In conclusion, both activity-based and RBVs complement each other and share an objective of discovering and exploiting factors that lead to higher competitive performanceEven though the RBVs principle for a firm is to achieve and sustain a competitive advantage by exploiting valuable, rare, inimitable and non-substitutable resources is instinctive and theoretically satisfying, it is essential to recognize that value, rare, inimitability and non-substitutable are not on the whole invariables. In fact, facing of radical, volatile changes in the environment, value, rare, inimitability and non-substitutability are very considerably over time. In other words, RBV state have their fall like in the valuable attribute, the need for planning and investment to develop such resources are remote factors, which means the RBV may overstate the profitabil ity of firms by exploiting these resources, because the cost of learnedness and accumulation had been avoided. As a result, it is difficult for the RBV to tell why firms invest in such a valuable resource instead of in other type of resources. Moreover, if the organizations want to increase their profit from the resources they possess, they have to think over the demand side attributes that effect on the final price of the product. Furthermore, in the imagination of rareness resource, it does not essentially attain the competitive advantage of the firm, in spite of the resource cook a great rent due to its relative shortage. Rents can be defined as the prices of services yielded by resources (Lewin and Phelan, 2002). Regardless of the rents are rare or not, in this stage rent is nothing more than the rental price of the service of the resource. There are no any profit has been earn to the firm, by and by paying remuneration to all the factors of production (Demsetz, 1973 Barney, 1986a Rumelt, 1987). However, the firm may grasps some part of the rent from the owner of resources, if the firm is gaining any profit left from the resource. Member or staff who have capabilities such as knowledge based will have benefits of bargaining power, hence being able to appropriate supernumerary rent. Barney (1991) point out that the strategic resource possess rareness, inimitable and non-substitutable criteria may be in certified of the firm, but when the belief of the heterogeneous distribution of resources is taken into account it is not easily to visualize that the resource effrontery by the value is similar for all firms. For instance, intangible resources such as innovative capability or diverse production capabilities have been recognized as essential strategic resources and are extremely dependent of other resources in order to act properly. On the other hand, some resources might prevent firms from direct higher performance. For example, a Formula One engine er might be a key resource for a sports car manufacturer due to his ability to built high-performance engines, while car companies with key resources in the aspects of an image for safety or high environmental standards might not be desirable to gain advantage from possessing such capabilities. These examples result the complication of resource interactions (Smith et al., 1996) and also the value of resource is different among companies.ConclusionAccording to Barney (1991), Mahoney and Pandian (1992), Porter (1991), they agree that both internal and external factors must be taken into account when analyzing firm performance. For example, if a firm is able to acquire a key resource, it often regard a diversification in the product market (Andersen, 2007a). The result of such a diversification is to a great extent dependent on the organizations prior market experience or market that pertinent to existing product lines (Pehrsson, 2004). In consequence, if a firm is not able to use i ts product effectively in the appropriate product market, the product will not benefit from these resources even though the company possess with superior production skills and great valuation. Therefore, firms can actually fail to attain higher performance while posses several strategic resources, if the marketing capability are poor. In conclusion, both internal and external environment are complement to each other in achieving a sustainable competitive advantage for a firm.(1863 words)Bibliography ListAndersen, J. 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