Western Civilization And Its Impact On The Wider World

Western civilization has had an enormous outsize impact on the wider world in the last two centuries, primarily through spreading western ideas and assumptions about society. The source of the capability of these western civilizations to impact other regions of the world comes from their political philosophies. The two political philosophies that have allowed western civilizations to have such an impact are Leninism and liberalism. Both of these political philosophies generate immense power for a nation, albeit liberalism generates power much slower than Leninism. It was these political philosophies that allowed Europe and the United States to develop into super powers capable of establishing dominance around the globe. Another major source of this capability of powerful European nations to dominate the globe comes from the traditional nature of the regions they colonized. While Europe was developing strong governments and institutions, much of the rest of the world was still agricultural and had little to no development in terms of government. This is particularly true in Africa; the native people were loosely associated and couldn’t form strong nations or allyships to protect themselves and each other. Perhaps as important as the capability of domination is the motivation for it; European imperialists sought colonization for a variety of reasons, the most important being natural resources. The need for raw materials and natural resources goes hand in hand withShow MoreRelatedSignificance Of Marco Polo s Voyages1136 Words   |  5 Pagessignificance of Marco Polo’s voyages to the â€Å"East† for our understanding of world history. The silk routes, has for many centuries, connected the world through a series of overland and maritime routes reaching from China, India, the Middle East and Europe. One of the most significant narratives of the voyage is told through Marco Polo, who had a significant impact on the relationship between the east and Europe and on world history. Polo’s voyages vastly enhanced European knowledge about the eastRead MoreThe Crusades And Its Impact On The World1342 Words   |  6 Pagescontinue to fascinate us in the present day because Christians and Muslims still have conflict in various parts of the world. One fascinating idea about the Crusades is, it shows how some sect of people who have misused the original meaning of the Crusades to form chaos especially in Nigeria. The medieval Crusades also have shown some great importance in today’s European civilization. In addition, the Crusades have revealed the origin of political ranking and the creation of some present state s in today’sRead MoreThe Classical Period Directions, Diversities And Declines By 500 C.e1187 Words   |  5 PagesClassical Beyond the Classical Civilizations Civilizations -significant civilizations came about in Americas and Africa Summary: -agriculture and other developments occurred in Northern Europe and Asia †¢ Significant Change -change bore some relationship to the classical world -changes set the stage for important links in world history later on -new cultures evolved in an entirely independent way Questions: Notes: -wider trade patterns developed Read More Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire Essay1091 Words   |  5 PagesThe Romans were on one of the greatest people of all. They had power, wealth, and even a half of the world. They built one of the strongest and vast empire that world has ever seen. They came from nothing to something awesome. It started of as a city and ended up being one of the greatest empire of all. This essay is going to focus on the Roman Empire from the rise to the fall and the government, architecture, mythology, Family Structure, and Food of the Romans. As the story goes, Rome was foundingRead MoreTypography And The Printing Press1438 Words   |  6 Pagesalphabets, and phonographic writing, these ancient forms of writing were used by civilizations to express their ideas. The very first recorded examples of written communication were the ancient cave paintings dating back around 20,000 years; however, the first forms of formal writing were invented by the Sumerians around 3500 B.C (Siebert). According to John Siebert, ancient writing systems grew more complex as civilizations began to advance. Ancient Egyptians incorporated symbols and ideograms intoRead MoreThe Three Areas of Globalization954 Words   |  4 Pages0, which began around 1492, the world went from size large to size medium. In Globalization 2.0, the era that introduced us to multinational companies, it went from size medium to size small. And then around 2000 came Globalization 3.0, in which the world went from being small to tiny.† It is not something one can pin point and define as a formal structure of the current international system. Globalization is a notion of the growing interconnectedness of the world categorized into three forms, culturalRead More The Silk Road Essay119 8 Words   |  5 Pagescategory of the travel of ideas and techniques. Apples spread, in prehistoric times via the steppe belt, in both directions from the region of modern-day Kazakhstan; oranges went (via the maritime route) from China to the Mediterranean world; grapes went from the western reaches of the Silk Road to China† (Asia Society). Items that were not found in China before the fifth century were gold and other precious metals, ivory, glass, and precious stones, and were seen coming into China from the west alongRead MoreEssay about Euro1341 Words   |  6 Pagesraises questions that are of vital importance to Britain’s interest. Whether or not Britain will eventually participate in the unified currency is another question and it’s affect on the rest of the European Union and Western Civilization. A unified or single currency has several impacts that the United Kingdom must consider before instituting the euro. A single currency will affect the fin ancial markets and services, employment, and business. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Europe has embarked on anRead MoreThe Renaissance: the Invention of the Printing Press and Its Effects1614 Words   |  7 Pagesborders of their homeland of Bohemia. One main reason for this was that there was no mass media, such as the printing press to spread the word. A century later, all that had changed. Like any other invention, the printing press came along and had an impact when the right conditions existed at the right time and place. In this case, that was Europe in the mid 1400s. Like many or most inventions, the printing press was not the result of just one mans ingenious insight into all the problems involvedRead MoreRenaissance Music : The Renaissance1368 Words   |  6 Pagespaid salaries. Queen Elizabeth was the important center of music. The fashion and taste had huge impact on artist development and if not of the queens choice the artist would have a less chance of being paid. Humanism was the most important movement in the renaissance era (Brown, Stein 5). The term comes from the concept (studia humanitains) meaning studies of human things or studies of civilization (Brown, Stein 6). The influences of humanism on music would be with the aristocrats who wrote and

What Are Military Ethics - 1056 Words

Discussion 1. What are military ethics? Military ethics can mean a wide range of things. It can encompass all aspects of military conduct, from writing performance reviews on subordinates, to relations of military personnel with their civilian leaders, to issues related to war (Encyclopedia.com 2017). However this reflection paper will espouse on the essential characteristics of leadership choices, higher standard for military personnel, and behavioral traits that must be imparted to our members rather than strict ordered obedience. It is my appreciation that little can be done to properly pre-screen a precise model of character or the moral fortitude that lives up to a set minimum of standards. To this effect military members will at†¦show more content†¦As we progress thru our military careers these stages then becomes a quest for moral development and should be undertaken by those cognizant of its stages, aware of its implications, and respectful of our collective inherited military legacy. 2. Should those who serve in the military be held to a higher moral standard than their civilian counterparts – and if so, why? There will always be and individual inner struggle between self-interest and altruism in any facet of life. If we relate this to moral standards each military member can have a varied array of values that are congruent to either ethical egoism or in contrast ethical altruism. Ethical egoism holds that actions will benefit the doer whereas ethical altruism holds that moral agents have an obligation to help others (Ridgely 2008). This distinction is important because we can attempt explain rational behavior that can predict how an organization will succumb or flourish to external pressures and psychological reinforcements. Nobel Prize winner Herbert A. Simon proposed as an idea of good enough â€Å"Satisficing† a term that combines satisfy and suffice. This is based on Bounded Rationality which is an idea that when individuals make decisions, they are limited by mental constraints of processing information and calculating capacity. Our disposition and/or desires can be overwhelmed by external factors that weShow MoreRelatedMilitary Ethics1692 Words   |  7 PagesMilitary Ethics PHI208: Ethics and Moral Reasoning Prof Whitney Easton 10 March, 2014 â€Æ' Military Ethics This paper will discuss the topic of military ethics using the utilitarian theory. It will also incorporate the ethical system of virtue ethics. â€Å"Military ethics is about our learning what is good and true and then having the courage to do and be what and who we ought to. For military ethics is not about his or her successes or failures; it is not about their virtues or vices. MilitaryRead MoreMilitary Ethics And The Military896 Words   |  4 PagesMilitary ethics encompass a wide range of things. In the contemporary world, military ethics include all facets of military behavior, from issuing regular reviews on juniors to relations of those in the military with civilians to matters related to war. Currently, the world has witnessed technological advancements in various sectors including the military. Indeed, battles between different nations have become dominated by highly advanced weaponry especially when developed nations are involved. ItRead MoreEthics in the US Army1652 Words   |  7 PagesUS Army Ethics: The Difficulties with Ethics in Certain Types of Organizations Introduction and Background Ethics matter in any kind of business or organization, but they are especially significant when it comes to the US Army (Blackburn, 2001). The reason behind this involves the chain of command and the risk to life and limb that are such large parts of military life. When a soldier in the Army has no ethics, he or she can cause trust and respect problems with other members of his or her unitRead MoreDuty Ethics And The Professional Military Ethic822 Words   |  4 Pagesago. Among these, is the question of what is good and what is bad. While many in the modern era prefer to bypass this issue, believing instead that everything is relative, most of us struggle with the concepts of good and bad every day. This extends into the field of moral philosophy, where three major and distinct ethical theories have come to dominate the contemporary debate: outcome ethics (or consequentialism), duty ethics (or deontology) and virtue ethics. Passing under criticism these threeRead MoreThe Involveme nt Of Psychologists And The American Psychological Association s Code Of Conduct1382 Words   |  6 Pagesissues resort to an ethical or unethical question in regards of the American Psychological Association’s Code of Conduct. Are the practices of using inhumane techniques to gain enemy intelligence ethical or unethical? The use of psychologists in military interrogations has led to crossing the lines of being inhumane, which is against the Code of Conduct. This has been explained in many incidents in today’s interrogations against foreign enemies and detainees. The current controversy of this issueRead MoreBusiness Ethics Essay1323 Words   |  6 Pagesbe promoted. This paper addresses the fact that the subjectivity of morals within the military and individual leaders; as some issues could be viewed as ethical by a group but not so by others. The members of an organization and its employees are part of the team, therefore the organization would benefit if their le aders are having strong ethical principles and positive relationships . Because business ethics helps the team work better both individually and as a unit, thus inspiring ethical valuesRead MoreEthical Norms Of The United Convention1577 Words   |  7 PagesMost of us know that ethics are the norms that determine between right and wrong. We learn these norms from the day we born and we use them on a daily basis. Ethical norms start from families, kindergarden, school, and work. They are different in religions, in cultures, in societies, and in different countries, but in their roots, they are the same. The laws copied from ethics are natural laws. During war we kill and torture people which is considered to be unethical but, there are some issues thatRead MoreMany In The Healthcare Profession Today Are Challenged816 Words   |  4 Pagesethical values is when to show mercy and no harm to those left in a health provider care. Most healthcare givers would, but what about those who are providing care in a government interrogation area? In this summarization; two valuable principles, beneficence and nonmaleficence will be discussed. Also, an in-depth analyzation of a case study of a military doctor whose ethics will may be tested. Keywords: Beneficence, Nonmaleficence Key Characteristics This case analysis is about Dr. McHale, a psychiatristRead MoreU.s. Armys Collective Team Efforts1291 Words   |  6 PagesContinental Congress during the American Revolutionary War in 1778, and it has been the Army’s guiding moto for over 200 years. In the official U.S. Army logo, This We’ll Defend is found in a rattlesnake-encircled banner above a tableau filled with military and revolutionary symbols, including a liberty cap, cannons and a Roman cuirass. To signify the Army’s constant readiness to defend and preserve the United States of America. â€Å"This We’ll Defend† means â€Å"WE’ as the US Army are there, when we are neededRead MorePersonal Dilemma874 Words   |  4 PagesPersonal Dilemma Paper CJA/324- Ethics in Criminal Justice Personal Dilemma We live in a world of diversity and in a government that gives individuals the right of freedom of speech which enables citizens to express their thoughts and ideas without any suppression. People are given equal opportunity, and women have become empowered. It has taken our government a long journey to finally create

Archaic Traps of Dual Citizenship †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Archaic Traps of Dual Citizenship. Answer: Introduction The Constitution of Australia is the main law through which the government of Commonwealth operates[1]. It consists of a number of documents and also includes the relationship with the Australian States. Chapter 1 of the Australian Constitution sets up the legislative branch of the government in nation, the Australian Parliament, where three parts constitute it[2]. Under this chapter, Part IV deals with both Houses of the Australian Parliament and covers the provisions regarding the voting eligibility and the election to parliament, the parliamentary rules, the parliamentary allowances and the related matters[3]. While sitting as the Court of Dispute Returns, the High Court of Australia was referred a number of issues, in the recent time, with regards to the elected parliamentarians eligibility which is covered under section 44(i) of the Constitution of Australia[4]. In the following parts, an attempt has been made to such matters which have been referred to the Australian High Court and the law which surrounds this section. Further, through this analysis, the need for reforming this section has also been analysed. Section 44 of the Constitution of the nation covers the grounds on which a person who can possible be a candidate for election can be disqualified from the election to the Australian Parliament[5]. The same is raised for consideration by the High Court which sits in the capacity as the Court of Disputed Returns. Section 44(i) provides that any individual who is under the acknowledgement of adherence, allegiance or obedience to the foreign power, or is a citizen/ is entitled to rights/ is subject to/ is entitled to privileges of a citizen/ subject of a foreign power, would be deemed as incapable of sitting or be chosen as a member of the House of Representatives or a senator[6]. The High Court of Australia generally interprets section 44(i) to mean that the individuals with dual citizenship would not be allowed to stand for election, along with the requirement of undertaking the requisite steps for renouncing the citizenship of the other nation. The interpretation of this section is quite difficult. This is due to the preliminary awkwardness whereby the Australian Constitution does not require a Parliament member to be the citizen of the nation; even though section 42 of the Australian Constitution puts forward a requirement upon its members to swear an affirmation or an oath of allegiance to the monarch[7]. To complicate the matter again, a statutory condition for being eligible for election is the Australian citizenship. The Senates committee, back in 1981 had recommended that this section should be removed and a new provision should be inserted whereby the requirement of Australian citizenship is inserted as per the report of 1988 of Constitutional Commis sion[8]. The House of Representatives committee, back in 1997 predicted that there had been certain difficulties and there were three key changes to the Australian Constitution that were recommended and including in this was section 44(i)[9]. There have been a number of instances where this section has been used. For instance, this was used in the case of Crittenden v Anderson[10]. In this case, an independent candidate, i.e., Henry William Crittenden had petitioned for the disqualification of Gordon Anderson on the basis of Catholicism. The ruling was given against Crittenden by Justice Fullagar and he stated that in case the premise set by him was sustained, it would result in any Catholic being prevented from holding a seat in the Parliament of Australia. The factor which led to the decision being made was the exclusion of Catholics from the Australian Parliament would be seen as an imposition of a religious test for the public office which would be deemed as a contradiction to section 116. It was also stated by Justice Fullagar that as a result of this petition, an analysis was invited with regards to the relationship amidst the state and church, over a long period of time. Dismissing the case, the High Court ordered Crittenden to pay the costs of Anderson. A similar ruling was earlier given in the matter of Sarina v O'Connor (1946) [11]. In this matter, the unsuccessful candidate Ronald Grafton Sarina, for West Sydney, after the federal elections of 1946 made a petition in the High Court for declaring the election of William OConnor as being void pursuant to section 66(i) on the basis that OConnor, as a Roman Catholic was under the allegiance of a foreign power. In Dec 1946, it was stated by the attorney of Sarina that they wanted to withdraw the petition and the same was granted[12]. Elaine Nile v Robert Wood[13] was again a case in which Robert Wood had been elected as the NSW Senator for 1987. Elaine Nile of the Call to Australia party challenged the election of Wood on the grounds that "His actions against the vessels of a friendly nation indicate allegiance, obedience or adherence to a foreign power". This was due to t eh fact that Wood had been imposed upon a fine to the value of $120 as he had paddled a kayak in front of USS Joseph Strauss which was a warship of US, at Sydney Harbor. The petition was dismissed by High Court in Dec 1987 on the basis of technical grounds. A number of observations were made with regards to section 44(i) in this case and this included a requirement of identifying the foreign power, along with acknowledging the allegiance[14]. Later on, in Re Wood[15], it came to be known that Wood had not been a citizen of the nation when he was elected and it was determined unanimously that due to this, he was entitled to be nominated for the election as a senator and due to this, he had not been elected in a valid manner. This was due to the requirement of a candidate being Australian citizen as per the Commonwealth Electoral Act, 1918[16]. The question of dual citizenship was expressly declined by the High Court and was disqualified as a candidate from the election. In 2017 also, a number of cases have been raised for this section being possibly breached. The two leading examples in this regard are that of the Australian Greens Senators, i.e., Scott Ludlam and Larissa Waters, who resigned from the members of Parliament. Scott Ludlam resigned due to his failure in renouncing the dual citizenship as he was also a citizen of New Zealand[17]. Similarly, Larissa Waters failed in renouncing her Canadian Citizenship, where she was also a dual citizenship holder[18]. And some have referred the matter to the High Court of Australia, through the Court of Disputed Returns and this includes Senator Matthew Canavan[19] and Nick Xenophon[20]. There has been a lot of interest and excitement with regards to the Australian Constitution since the release of movie The Castle back in 1997. Earlier it was the two Greens senators, followed by One Nation and a Nationals Minster joining this malice. To add to the name of this list was Deputy Prime Minister Barnaby Joyce and the latest one was that of Joyces deputy, Fiona Nash[21], who faced conflict owing to section 44(i) as she held a dual citizenship of Australia and UK. As this apparently extraordinary drama surrounding citizenship reaches through the federal parliament, one needs to halt and take into consideration regarding the manner in which the High Court could act for figuring out who can be a politician and who cannot be one[22]. The grey area under section 44(i) is the term entitled[23]. The question which is raised due to this word is whether the individual has to be a citizen of the nation, or whether they have to would they just be entitled to claim the citizenship at a future time period. If the case of Joyce is considered, he had citizenship of both Australia and New Zealand. Now, till 1940s, both the nations were considered the subjects of UK. New Zealand law given an automatic citizenship to such child who is born in the nation and they do not have to register or activate the same. This is where an uncertainty is born for Joyce due to the question of whether acquiescence be amounted to citizenship. Also, if a person is entitled to foreign citizenship, would they be disqualified under the Australian Constitution? The case law are evidence enough that there is a need to act on this issue[24]. This sounds stereotyping but the individuals who drafted the constitution of Australia were men who were deemed as the subjects of UK and even they would have faced difficulty in interpreting these sections, had these been required to be adopted at that time. It is true that the High Court of Australia can take a strict interpretation of this section and state that the eligibility to foreign citizenship would disqualify an individual; however, this would not be enough to halt the potential members of parliament from making the attempts for liberating themselves from a possible future claim on citizenship[25]. This again raises the question that whether renouncing the inherited citizenship is enough or is there a need to surrender the possible entitlement to such citizenship in the future. Hence, this would raise a question for the High Court to decide upon the exact vibe of the Constitution and what that means to be[26]. In essence, no one is entitled to be elected to the Australian Parliament as a result of section 44(i). Under the law of New Zealand, the citizens of Australia are not required to get a visa to work, live or study in New Zealand. Hence, every Australian person is entitled to privileges and rights of New Zealand subjects; though, these are not the citizen rights, for instance that of voting. New Zealand undisputedly is a foreign power. So, as every Australian citizen can be a citizen of New Zealand, everyone is disqualified from being a member of Australian Parliament, and not just Joyce[27]. All this points to one thing, section 44(i) wreaks a political havoc, which not only affects the minor parties, but also the major ones, which goes all the way up to Deputy PM. This constitutional crisis does not show any signs of abating and this begs the need of amending the Australian Constitution so that the modern multiculturalism is reflected under it. There have been several attempts in the past, along with several demands to either amend this section or to repeal it, but none of these have been adopted as yet. This has just led to the increased burden on the High Court of Australia to act as the Court of Disputed Returns. The problem is particularly because of the high number of cases which are being raised based on the dual citizenship problem, presented due to section 44(i). One cannot ignore that migrants have created this nation and these migrants usually hold dual citizenship. To deny them from being members and senators of Parliament is not fair as many of these citizen s are not even aware of their foreign citizenship. Conclusion To conclude the discussion carried on in the previous parts, it becomes very clear that section 44(i) does present controversies due to the wordings of this section. This section has the capacity of disqualifying every citizen of the nation as they are entitled to the citizenship of a foreign land. Even though the High Court plays a crucial role in upholding the justness and fair applicability of this section, the rising number of cases being presented before it, for it acting in the capacity of the Court of Disputed Returns has raised the need for either a modification of this section, or repealing section 44(i). When it has been clearly identified that this section continues to be in the centre of political storms, it becomes evidence of the need of bringing change to it, instead of continuing to put burden over the Australian High Court. Bibliography Groves M, Law and Government in Australia (Annandale, NSW: The Federation Press) Lim B, Australia's Constitution after Whitlam (Cambridge University Press, 2017) Crittenden v Anderson (1950) 51 ALJ 171 Elaine Nile v Robert Wood [1987] HCA 63 Re Wood [1988] HCA 22, (1988) 167 CLR 145 Sarina v O'Connor (1946) Australian Constitution (Cth) Commonwealth Electoral Act, 1918 (Cth) ABC News, Who's who and what's what in Australia's constitutional citizenship mess (21 September 2017) https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-08-19/who-is-who-dual-citizenship-scandal/8819510 Andrews K Surely it is now time to abolish the archaic traps of dual citizenship (03 August 2017) https://www.theaustralian.com.au/opinion/surely-it-is-now-time-to-abolish-the-archaic-traps-of-dual-citizenship/news-story/8756a889e246a42909711d9a18216bad Angyal R, Section 44 Of The Constitution Means NOBODY Is Eligible To Be Elected To Parliament (16 August 2017) https://www.huffingtonpost.com.au/robert-angyal/section-44-of-the-constitution-means-nobody-is-eligible-to-be-el_a_23078667/ Belot H, Larissa Waters, deputy Greens leader, quits in latest citizenship bungle (16 August 2017) https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-07-18/larissa-waters-greens-resigns-senate-over-citizenship-bungle/8720066 Belot H, Matt Canavan resigns from Malcolm Turnbull's ministry over Italian citizenship (25 July 2017) https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-07-25/matt-canavan-citizenship-crisis-resigns-from-cabinet/8742702 Bennett B, Candidates, Members and the Constitution (28 May 2002) https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp0102/02RP18 Davey M, Nick Xenophon will go to high court after finding out he's a British overseas citizen (19 August 2017) https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/aug/19/nick-xenophon-will-go-to-high-court-after-finding-out-he-holds-dual-citizenship Doran M, 'Entitled' to dual citizenship? The grey area in Section 44 of the constitution (17 August 2017) https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-07-28/citizenship-grey-area-in-constitution-tripping-up-mps-senators/8754586 Gans J, News: The High Court on dual citizen MPs (20 July 2017) https://blogs.unimelb.edu.au/opinionsonhigh/2017/07/20/news-the-high-court-on-dual-citizen-mps/ Holland I, Section 44 of the Constitution (March 2004) https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/Publications_Archive/archive/Section44 Parliament of Australia, Dual .Citizenship, Foreign Allegiance and s.44(i) of the Australian Constitution (2017) https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=1cad=rjauact=8ved=0ahUKEwjHt824iszWAhXK6Y8KHRIbDRcQFgglMAAurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aph.gov.au%2Fbinaries%2Flibrary%2Fpubs%2Fbp%2F1992%2F92bp29.pdfusg=AOvVaw0wMfCXyse-pRg7XXOf1F4e Reilly G, Section 44: Changing The Constitution To Reflect Modern Australia (21 August 2017) https://pursuit.unimelb.edu.au/articles/section-44-changing-the-constitution-to-reflect-modern-australia Strutt J, and Kagi J, Greens senator Scott Ludlam resigns over failure to renounce dual citizenship (16 August 2017) https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-07-14/senator-scott-ludlam-resign-constitution-dual-citizenship/8708606

Mental Health at Work Anzam Pelt Project Articulation & Viva Voce

Question: Discuss about the Anzam Pelt Project Voice to Values. Answer: Introduction Management ethics are the professional ethics that evaluates the ethical principles as well as moral and ethical problems that arise in the business environments (Goetsch Davis, 2014 p4). These ethics applies to all the aspects of the firm conduct and are usually relevant to the behaviors of persons and also the entire organization (Frederickson Ghere, 2013 p18). The ethics originate from the individuals, business statements or the legal system. The management ethics are the modern business standards, the set values and the norms that govern the various actions and behaviors of a person in the business organization (Mel, 2011 p23). The ethical issues range from the interaction of the profit-maximizing behavior with the non-economic concerns. Companies are committed to promoting the non-economic values under the ethics codes and the social responsibility charters. These ethical management issues lead to stories on the business gone badly or to do the right thing. In our case study, the simple moral question is Should Claire disclose Johns illness since it is a threat to the organization? Claire has to make various decisions that will determine how to deal with Johns case. These ethical dilemmas occur every day in the leadership and management of organizations. The management ethics are designed to enable the leaders and managers to apply comprehensive systems of management to their various work places about the social responsiveness of the organization. These standards of behavior guide the individual managers in doing their duties. Discussion My moral values that I would voice are responsibility, respect, fairness and honesty. I would voice these values on this case because these four are the pillars of ethical principles that should be upheld by all the managers and other leaders in each and every business organization. These values are much significant in professionalism and social responsibility to ensure fairness and equality. If I were Clare, I would enact these moral values through involving all the employees in decision making, organizing workshops to educate the bank employees on the importance of these moral values and leading by an example. The company and other employees should respect each other, be responsible for their actions and be fair to others, for instance helping John who has been a wonderful worker and colleague up to the day of his illness. The fact that the truth is still being hidden, this would render it difficult to voice these moral values and to urge the bank management as well as the other workers to accommodate Johns shortcoming since they do not know the cause of his behavio ur. Professional managers and leaders like Claire are not only concerned with the technical and financial expertise but also are sensitive to the moral dimensions of the people they are managing. This requires the capacity to come up with the best moral decisions and judgments and also the voice to enact the critical values in their workplace while ensuring the employees wellbeing as well as maintaining the performance of the organization. In their endeavors to support all these, one is faced with various emotional, cultural, institutional, cognitive and political disablers and enablers that influence their ability to voice their moral values. Claire holds the position of authority which makes her accountable for all the ethical conducts of the persons working at the bank who report to her. The manager has to monitor the behaviors of all the employees in accord with the set expectations of the organization of appropriate behavior and responds appropriately and quickly to reduce the adverse effects of the suspected ethical violations. Since managers are responsible for creating and implementing the changes that are required to the ethical codes and guidelines of their organization, Claire can accommodate Johns shortcomings. Emotional and Cognitive Enablers and Disablers John is having a mental problem as he is diagnosed with depression hence needs particular attention due to the vulnerability created by his compromised mental capability to understand the meaning of his diagnosis, treatment and also prognosis (Lynch, Hart Costa, 2014 p370). The emotional enablers in this scenario are that Claire is concerned with Johns wellbeing. She is compassionate and offers to listen to the problems that John has and tries to solve them (Adkins, 2011 p385). She even allows John to take regular breaks to sleep and also attend the counseling appointments. John is released from the normal teller duties so that he can only deal with specific issues so as not to overwhelm him. Claire is so protective of John since she believes that he has served the organization so well in the past and he deserves respect and help from the organization (May, Chan, Hodges Avolio, 2003 p250). The emotional disablers are that Claire lies to the colleagues that John is being redeployed for a unique project that is related to international banking which is against the management of ethics. This makes it impossible for Claire to voice the fact that John is sick and in need of help. Institutional and Political Enablers and Disablers The institutional and political enablers are that the organization is structured in such a way managers who are closer to the other employees is given mandate and powers to solve the problems of the staff below them (Shin, Sung, Choi Kim, 2015 p45). However, the institution is not much concerned with the wellbeing of the employees as we see Claire and John are reluctant on disclosing the illness to the colleagues and also the higher authority. Claire and John fear that the organization will fire John on learning his disease and the shortcomings of his condition despite him being a loyal and hardworking employee for many years. The organization will be going against the management of ethics if they fire John who has been a hardworking employee (Wild Zhou, 2011 p120). These disablers make it difficult for the duo to tell the authority the truth. Cultural Enablers and Disablers There are good business cultural practices that enable and encourages the employees to voice the moral values at the organization (Schein, 2010 Vol. 2 p34). The company culture allows strong relations that encourage the employees to interact at different levels as seen when Simon consults John on the issue of the international student. This shows that John has an opportunity of telling his colleagues about his illness and they could help him and be accommodative. However, the culture of the business may not be that accommodative since John fears that if the fellow employee knows about his illness, they will judge him and maybe avoid him and always question his judgment. The employees are not much concerned as they are not keen enough to know that the shortcomings of John may be a medical problem but rushes into concussions and contacts the higher authority. Claire Meeting with John What is at stake or risk for the key parties, including John and Claire? John is a danger of losing his job since he might be declared incompetent to hand the various duties assigned to him. This is because of change in behavior, lateness for work, struggling with routine tasks, lack of concentration and impaired decision making, lack of cooperation, anger, and frustrations. Claire risks being getting warnings from the authorities for showing favor and leniency towards John. What are the major arguments that John might raise against Claires advice? What reasons and rationalizations might he raise to justify keeping his illness confidential? John might state that if his illness becomes known, the other employees might think less of him and label him incompetent and will not seek his advice and opinion on various matters. John will also maintain that if the authorities knew about his illness, they would dismiss him. Therefore, he might insist to keep his illness confidential and claim that he is working on it since he is attending counseling sessions and taking medications and that he expects the situation to change soon. What are Claires most efficient and reasonable responses to Johns reasons and rationalizations? Claire should assure John that he has been a loyal and hardworking employee and the organization and the other workers will be able to support him and be lenient with him if they about his illness. How should she approach the topic with John and how should she conduct the meeting and what should she say to him? Since this is a difficult as well as a sensitive subject on mental illness, Claire should be careful on the words she uses not to upset or depress John further. She should use a friendly tone and try to build a mutual relationship so that John can open up. Claire should explain to John that he should not be ashamed of his illness since anyone can get sick. Scenario A Questions What is at stake or risk for the key parties? John risks losing his job as Charles might see his condition as a limitation on his performance. Claire also risks getting a warning for holding the information on Johns illness that has affected his output at the company What are the major arguments that Charles might raise against Claires arguments? What reasons and rationalizations might he raise to justify manage John out? Charles may state that John has a severe medical problem and he needs medical attention while not at the company since his performance is poor. He might also add that other stable persons can take up Johns responsibilities. What are Claires most persuasive responses to Charles reasons and rationalizations? Claire should explain that John has been receiving medications and his condition and performance are improving and that he needs to be given a little longer. She should explain to Charles that John has expertise and experience that is not easy to replace. What should she say to Charles? Clare should tell Charles that John has been loyal to the organization for many years hence the organization owes him tolerance and help. Scenario B Questions What is at stake or risk for the key parties? Claire risks being demoted or worse still losing her job for lying. John also might not improve and could also be dismissed. What are the main arguments that Charles might raise against Claires arguments? What reasons and rationalizations might they raise to justify manage John out? Charles might say that much time has been given to John and continued tolerance to his behavior will affect the bank negatively since his performance is worsening each day. What are Claires most reasonable and persuasive responses to Charles reasons and rationalizations? Claire should defend John by saying that medications need time to take effect as well as the counseling therapy and that she will supervise John to ensure his illness does not negatively affect the company. What should she say to Charles? Clare should tell Charles that the bank owes John tolerance in return for his service to the bank for many years and that illness can befall anyone hence the organization needs to support John References Adkins, C.P., 2011. A pathway for educating moral intuition: Experiential learning within the giving voice to values curriculum. Journal of Business Ethics Education, 8(1), pp.383-391. Carroll, A. and Buchholtz, A., 2014. Business and society: Ethics, sustainability, and stakeholder management. Nelson Education. Frederickson, H.G. and Ghere, R.K., 2013. Ethics in public management. ME Sharpe. Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014. Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Lynch, S., Hart, B. and Costa, C.M., 2014. Giving Voice to Values: An undergraduate nursing curriculum project. Collegian, 21(4), pp.367-373. May, D.R., Chan, A.Y., Hodges, T.D. and Avolio, B.J., 2003. Developing the moral component of authentic leadership. Organizational dynamics, 32(3), pp.247-260. Mel, D., 2011. Management ethics: Placing ethics at the core of good management. Palgrave Macmillan. Moon, J., Gond, J.P., Grubnic, S. and Herzig, C., 2011. Management control for sustainability strategy. CIMA Research Executive Summary Series, 7(12), pp.1-20. Schein, E.H., 2010. Organizational culture and leadership (Vol. 2). John Wiley Sons. Shapiro, J.P. and Stefkovich, J.A., 2016. Ethical leadership and decision making in education: Applying theoretical perspectives to complex dilemmas. Routledge. Shin, Y., Sung, S.Y., Choi, J.N. and Kim, M.S., 2015. Top management ethical leadership and firm performance: Mediating role of ethical and procedural justice climate. Journal of Business Ethics, 129(1), pp.43-57. Trevio, L.K., Hartman, L.P. and Brown, M., 2000. Moral person and moral manager: How executives develop a reputation for ethical leadership. California management review, 42(4), pp.128-142. Wild, N. and Zhou, L., 2011. Ethical procurement strategies for international aid non-government organisations. Supply chain management: an international journal, 16(2), pp.110-127.