Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde - The Battle Between Dr. Jekyll

The Battle Between Jekyll and Hyde Throughout Western literature, writers have created characters who act as perfect foils to each other with dramatically discernable differences. Each pairing has a stronger and weaker in the combination, and usually one outlives the other. In The Strange side of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, the pairing exists in one body, and heretofore the struggle is heightened because both aspects of the identity are equal in strength. Ultimately, Stevenson emphasizes it is Jekyll who holds the function of life or death over Hyde. Hydes love of life is wonderful, but Hyde is also aware of Jekylls power to cut him off by suicide (Stevenson 101). It is the awareness of each for the other which confirms that neither can exist alone. According to Albert Camus in his essay The Myth of Sisyphus, the arrangement of human pride is unequaled (Bowie 47). It is Jekylls pride in his secret existence of sensuality and love of life which postpones the self-destructive tend ency. However, as soon as Hyde begins to out without Jekylls physical act of drinking the elixir, Jekyll can no longer allow the brute that slept within to emerge on his own (Stevenson 102. Both Jekyll and Hyde are eventually aware of each other, and interact through necessity. To each, the others freedom must be checked in order to stay alive, and yet Jekyll finally spies freedom, but sole(prenominal) through suicide. In the end, it is Hyde who triumphs, as it is in his guise that the body is discovered. Hyde is Jekyll without restraint, and the man Jekyll wants to be in the light of day. Jekylls close friend and attorney Utterson regards Hyde with disgust, loathing and fear, and yet cannot put a name on the precise reason for the... ...tor (Mighall 190). Works Cited Camus, Albert. The Myth of Sisyphus. Twenty Questions An Introduction to Philosophy. Ed. G. Lee Bowie, Meredith W. Michaels and Robert C. Solomon. 4th ed. Harcourt College Publishers, 2000. 45-49. Charyn, Jerome. Who Is Hyde? Afterword The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. fiddling Books. Doubleday Dell Publishing Group, Inc., 1981. 105-114. Hume, David. Of Personal Identity. Twenty Questions An Introduction to Philosophy. Ed. G. Lee Bowie, Meredith W. Michaels and Robert C. Solomon. 4th ed. Harcourt College Publishers, 2000. 348-352 Mighall, Dr. Robert. A Geography of Victorian Gothic Fiction Mapping Historys Nightmares. Oxford University Press, 1999. 166-209. Stevenson, Robert Louis. The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Bantam Books. Doubleday Dell Publishing Group, Inc., 1981.

Athletes and Anabolic Steroids Essay -- Women Athletics Essays

Women Athletes and Anabolic SteroidsI. Introduction Anabolic steroids affirm been around since the 1930s. trance they started out solely for medical purposes, they have now become widely accepted for recreational endeavors and heightened athletic performance. Though highly accepted, they ar still very illegal without a written prescription. While they have surpassed their medical uses and found their way into top athletes and body builders, they have also crossed the gender barrier. Men are not the only users anymore. to a greater extent and more women have felt the personal effects of anabolic steroids and before you think they are the thing for you maybe you should read this first. I. What are Anabolic Steroids? Anabolic steroids are synthetic substances that mimic the male sex hormones known as androgens. This is where the true name anabolic-androgenic steroid is derived, but for familiarity purposes they are referred to only as anabolic steroids (no strictly ana bolic agent has ever been synthesized). Specifically, they are synthetically produced to act as the male hormone testosterone. Testosterone has a 17-carbon core, like its replication- the anabolic steroid, and is credited for the promotion of step-up of skeletal muscles and the development of male sexual characteristics. It has both androgenic (masculinization) and anabolic (tissue-building) effects in the human body. Functions of testosterone include increased numbers of red rootage cells, improved calcium deposition in the bones, muscle enlargement, increased body hair, thickening of vocal chords, and growth and development of the prostate gland (Hickson, Ball, Falduto 1989). Women have of course occurring testosterone already present in their bodies, but in such sm... ...g women rape victims. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 40, 273-277 Hickson, R.C., Ball, K.L., Falduto M.T. (1989) Adverse effects of anabolic steroids. Med Toxicol Adverse Drug Exp, 4, 254-271 Hughes, T.K. Jr., Rady , P.L., Smith, E.M. (1998) Potential for the effects of anabolic steroid abuse in the immune and neuroendocrine axis. journal of Neuroimmunol, 83, 162-167 Malarkey, W.B., Strauss, R.H., Leizman, D.J., Liggett, M., Demers, L.M. (1991) Endocrine effects in female weight lifters who self-administer testosterone and anabolic steroids. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 165, 1385-1390 Strauss, R.H., Liggett, M.T., Lanese, R.R. (1985) Anabolic steroids use and perceived effects in ten weight-trained women athletes. JAMA, 253, 2871-2873 Wu, F.C. (1997) Endocrine aspects of anabolic steroids. Clinical Chemistry, 43, 1289-1292

What is an American? :: essays research papers

Let me ask you this What is an American? There is no right or wrong way to answer this question. It is diffucult to comp ar an American at present to an American two-hundred and fifty years ago, because the modern day America is so diverse that a label cannot be stuck on the forehead of todays society. There are firearmy different ways that one can describe an American today, infact there are so many ways that I could never buzz off close to covering all of them in this essay. I feel the three most effective ways to describe todays American are by the somebodys age, his or her priorities in life, and the way he or she chooses to present his or her physical self to others (fashion).Throughout the life of an American their age at the time ordinarily determines what activities they choose to be part of. A sixteen year old boy would not choose to spend his Saturday afternoon doing the same thing that a 75 year old grandfather of 6 would spend his afternoon doing. The teenager might decide to play a game of baseball in the park, while the older man might decide to spend the evening with his grandchildren in his garden. Even though both of these people decide to busy themselves other than because of their age they are still Americans. So it is evident that a persons age is descriptive of what a person may choose do with themselves.Yet some other description of an American are the priorities that he or she hold dear to them. One person may feel that their family is their greatest priority, however a man with no family would not feel this way. This man might feel that his greatest priority would be taking care of himself. This can also be even in with age. A younger person might feel that his of her greatest priority is to their friends, but an older person might feel that their most all important(predicate) overall priority is to their children. Whatever a persons priorities may be it is true that many different Americans have many different priorities.Finally , the way a person decides to physically present themselves to others is a major descriptor of an American. Although some Americans care not what others think of their physical appearence, many on the other hand do. A certain high school girl might find pleasure in working an entire

The Evolutionary Importance of Maternal Anti-Bodies and its Implication

An beingnesss ability to survive is not trammel to the number of resources available but even much cardinally the beings ability to constrict pip infections. Immunity is one of the some primary(prenominal) features an organism has to distinguish and protect itself against certain pathogens that could potentially be fatal to the organism. From the first line of demurral such as skin and mucous membranes, an organisms body is constantly fighting off antigens. Antigens are molecules from a pathogen or a unlike organism that provoke a specific resistive response. There are several ways a body prevents specific antigens from entering the body or causing harm, starting with non-specific mechanisms that include the first and number lines of defense. When an antigen passes the skin barrier an inflammatory response is learn into motion to prohibit any further set on on the body. This inflammatory response includes the work of phagocytic white blood cells and anti-microbial prot eins. When that alone, is not able to overcome the antigens, a specific mechanism including lymphocytes and antibodies make up the third line of defense. All organisms are innate(p) with immunity which is commonly referred to as innate immunity. However, most importantly as an organism grows, an acquired immunity is develop either naturally or artificially. Natural unresisting immunity may be an organisms most important form of immunity since it is passed from the fetch to the fetus via the placenta or after birth during front feeding. Although this immunity is usually only temporary, it protects the offspring slice their own immune system develops. Current studies nonplus addressed important issues regarding environmental and genetic factors touch on the amount of antibodies transf... ...ernal enthral of antibodies raising immuno-ecology issues. Trends Ecol Evol 23282-288.Grindstaff, J. L., E. D. Brodie, 3rd, and E. D. Ketterson. 2003. immune function across generations integrating mechanism and evolutionary process in maternal antibody transmission. Proc Biol Sci 2702309-2319.Hasselquist, D. and J. A. Nilsson. 2009. Maternal transfer of antibodies in vertebrates trans-generational effect on offspring immunity. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 36451-60.King, M. O., J. P. Owen, and H. G. Schwabl. 2010. Are maternal antibodies really that important? Patterns in the immunologic development of altricial passerine house sparrows (Passer domesticus). PLoS One 5e9639.Pihlaja, M., H. Siitari, and R. V. Alatalo. 2006. Maternal antibodies in a wild altricial bird effects on offspring immunity, growth and survival. J Anim Ecol 751154-1164. The Evolutionary Importance of Maternal Anti-Bodies and its ImplicationAn organisms ability to survive is not limited to the number of resources available but even more importantly the organisms ability to fight off infections. Immunity is one of the most important features an organism has to distinguish and protect itself against certain pathogens that could potentially be fatal to the organism. From the first line of defense such as skin and mucous membranes, an organisms body is constantly fighting off antigens. Antigens are molecules from a pathogen or a foreign organism that provoke a specific immune response. There are several ways a body prevents specific antigens from entering the body or causing harm, starting with non-specific mechanisms that include the first and second lines of defense. When an antigen passes the skin barrier an inflammatory response is set into motion to prohibit any further attack on the body. This inflammatory response includes the work of phagocytic white blood cells and anti-microbial proteins. When that alone, is not able to defeat the antigens, a specific mechanism including lymphocytes and antibodies make up the third line of defense. All organisms are born with immunity which is commonly referred to as innate immunity. However, most importantl y as an organism grows, an acquired immunity is developed either naturally or artificially. Natural passive immunity may be an organisms most important form of immunity since it is passed from the mother to the fetus via the placenta or after birth during breast feeding. Although this immunity is usually only temporary, it protects the offspring while their own immune system develops. Current studies have addressed important issues regarding environmental and genetic factors affecting the amount of antibodies transf... ...ernal transfer of antibodies raising immuno-ecology issues. Trends Ecol Evol 23282-288.Grindstaff, J. L., E. D. Brodie, 3rd, and E. D. Ketterson. 2003. Immune function across generations integrating mechanism and evolutionary process in maternal antibody transmission. Proc Biol Sci 2702309-2319.Hasselquist, D. and J. A. Nilsson. 2009. Maternal transfer of antibodies in vertebrates trans-generational effects on offspring immunity. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 36451-60.King, M. O., J. P. Owen, and H. G. Schwabl. 2010. Are maternal antibodies really that important? Patterns in the immunologic development of altricial passerine house sparrows (Passer domesticus). PLoS One 5e9639.Pihlaja, M., H. Siitari, and R. V. Alatalo. 2006. Maternal antibodies in a wild altricial bird effects on offspring immunity, growth and survival. J Anim Ecol 751154-1164. The Evolutionary Importance of Maternal Anti-Bodies and its ImplicationAn organisms ability to survive is not limited to the number of resources available but even more importantly the organisms ability to fight off infections. Immunity is one of the most important features an organism has to distinguish and protect itself against certain pathogens that could potentially be fatal to the organism. From the first line of defense such as skin and mucous membranes, an organisms body is constantly fighting off antigens. Antigens are molecules from a pathogen or a foreign organism that p rovoke a specific immune response. There are several ways a body prevents specific antigens from entering the body or causing harm, starting with non-specific mechanisms that include the first and second lines of defense. When an antigen passes the skin barrier an inflammatory response is set into motion to prohibit any further attack on the body. This inflammatory response includes the work of phagocytic white blood cells and anti-microbial proteins. When that alone, is not able to defeat the antigens, a specific mechanism including lymphocytes and antibodies make up the third line of defense. All organisms are born with immunity which is commonly referred to as innate immunity. However, most importantly as an organism grows, an acquired immunity is developed either naturally or artificially. Natural passive immunity may be an organisms most important form of immunity since it is passed from the mother to the fetus via the placenta or after birth during breast feeding. Although th is immunity is usually only temporary, it protects the offspring while their own immune system develops. Current studies have addressed important issues regarding environmental and genetic factors affecting the amount of antibodies transf... ...ernal transfer of antibodies raising immuno-ecology issues. Trends Ecol Evol 23282-288.Grindstaff, J. L., E. D. Brodie, 3rd, and E. D. Ketterson. 2003. Immune function across generations integrating mechanism and evolutionary process in maternal antibody transmission. Proc Biol Sci 2702309-2319.Hasselquist, D. and J. A. Nilsson. 2009. Maternal transfer of antibodies in vertebrates trans-generational effects on offspring immunity. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 36451-60.King, M. O., J. P. Owen, and H. G. Schwabl. 2010. Are maternal antibodies really that important? Patterns in the immunologic development of altricial passerine house sparrows (Passer domesticus). PLoS One 5e9639.Pihlaja, M., H. Siitari, and R. V. Alatalo. 2006. Maternal an tibodies in a wild altricial bird effects on offspring immunity, growth and survival. J Anim Ecol 751154-1164.

Pierre-Auguste Renoir Essay examples -- Renoir Painter Biography Bio E

capital of South Dakota-Auguste Renoir Pierre-Auguste Renoir was born in 1841 to Marguerite Merlet and Lonard Renoir. In 1844 his family moved to Paris and by 1854, at the young age of thirteen, began painting flowers on porcelain cups and saucers. Through his parents, he began as a painter for the porcelain industry his parents felt this was the perfect start for the beginnings of an artist. He came from the town of Limoges, where porcelain became al more or less a symbol of status and wealth. By 1860 he had left the porcelain factory in favor of becoming a full metre painter he was granted permission to copy paintings in the Lourve where he began to admire the eighteenth century masters. In 1862 he entered the studio of Marc-Gabriel-Charles Gleyre, a Swiss teacher who offered instruction to many upcoming artists, where he met such influences as Claude Monet and Alfred Sisley. Along with this, he began attending the Ecole des Beaux-Arts. Through this he finally certain his unique brush stroke and style that was to be his own. From there, he became part of the Impressionist Era, which gave birth to a splendid era of painting which changed art forever. This in the buff movement began in France which was what became the cultural center of Europe, and later the world.France was an inviting place for an artist in the nineteenth century. A nation which clearly offered the necessary conditions for an art reach to flourish that was domestic scale, devoted to sensual pleasure and addressed to the private collector. This all came about during a time when France was establishing itself as one of the cultural centers of the world. This was a peaceful era, that saw a discernible increase in industrial productivity leading to greater middle-class prosperity and freedom. Through all this, change magnitude activity in the art world began to develop. Through a boom in collecting and dealing art, artwork became a commodity that embodied the most positive and realizable va lue. These factors, together with many more, helped pave the way for the impressionist movement that we so fondly admire today.The idiom impressionism was originally suggested by a critic reviewing Monets Impression, Sunrise (1872), who blasted the painting as a prime example of the slapdash appearance of the canvases on view at the frontmost Impressionist exhibition. This radical movement, born in Paris and parts of northern... ...e match. Renoir himself said, Why shouldnt art be pretty? There are enough unpleasant things in the world BibliographyArts Council of Great Britain, , et al. Renoir Hayward Gallery, London, 30January-21 April 1985, Galeries nationales du Grand palais, Paris, 14 May-2 September 1985, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 9 October 1985-5 January 1986.. London Art Council of Great Britain, 1985. Dumas, Ann, and Monique Noone. Impressionism Paintings Collected by European Museums. London, England Phaidon P Limited, 1982.Gaunt, William. Renoir. London, England Phai don P Limited, 1982.Gimpel, Ren. Journal dun collectionneur (Diary of an Art Dealer). Paris Marchandde Tableaux, 1963. 27.Jaukovic, Milan. Auguste Renoir paintings gallery. 1997. Alvilim. 19 Apr. 2004.Kane, D. Renoir. 1999. St. Brigids College. 1 May 2004.Pioch, Nicolas. WebMuseum Renoir, Pierre-Auguste. 16 July 2002. WebMuseum, Paris. 19 Apr. 2004.Thomson, Belinda. Impressionism Origins, Practice, Recption. London, England Thames & Hudson Ltd., 2000.WetCanvas Virtual Museum Individual Artist Gallery Pierre Auguste Renoir Painting Gallery. 1998. WebCanvas. 29 Apr. 2004.

Pierre-Auguste Renoir Essay examples -- Renoir Painter Biography Bio E

Pierre-Auguste Renoir Pierre-Auguste Renoir was born in 1841 to Marguerite Merlet and Lonard Renoir. In 1844 his family moved to Paris and by 1854, at the schoolgirlish age of thirteen, began painting flowers on porcelain cups and saucers. Through his parents, he began as a painter for the porcelain industry his parents felt this was the perfect start for the beginnings of an artist. He came from the town of Limoges, where porcelain became most a symbol of status and wealth. By 1860 he had left the porcelain factory in favor of becoming a full time painter he was granted permission to copy paintings in the Lourve where he began to admire the eighteenth century masters. In 1862 he entered the studio of Marc-Gabriel-Charles Gleyre, a Swiss teacher who offered development to many upcoming artists, where he met such influences as Claude Monet and Alfred Sisley. Along with this, he began attending the Ecole des Beaux- arts. Through this he finally developed his unique showdown stroke and style that was to be his own. From there, he became part of the Impressionist Era, which gave birth to a splendid era of painting which changed art forever. This new movement began in France which was what became the cultural center of Europe, and later the world.France was an inviting place for an artist in the nineteenth century. A nation which clearly offered the necessary conditions for an art form to flourish that was internal scale, devoted to sensual pleasure and addressed to the private collector. This all came about during a time when France was establishing itself as one of the cultural centers of the world. This was a peaceful era, that adage a discernible increase in industrial productivity leading to greater middle-class prosperity and freedom. Through all this, increased activity in the art world began to develop. Through a boom in collecting and dealing art, artwork became a commodity that embodied the most positive and realizable value. These factors, together with many more, helped pave the way for the impressionist movement that we so fondly admire today.The idiom impressionism was originally suggested by a critic reviewing Monets Impression, Sunrise (1872), who blasted the painting as a prime example of the slapdash appearance of the canvases on view at the first Impressionist exhibition. This radical movement, born in Paris and parts of northern... ...e match. Renoir himself said, Why shouldnt art be pretty? There are enough unpleasant things in the world BibliographyArts Council of Great Britain, , et al. Renoir Hayward Gallery, London, 30January-21 April 1985, Galeries nationales du Grand palais, Paris, 14 May-2 September 1985, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 9 October 1985-5 January 1986.. London Art Council of Great Britain, 1985. Dumas, Ann, and Monique Noone. Impressionism Paintings Collected by European Museums. London, England Phaidon P Limited, 1982.Gaunt, William. Renoir. London, England Phaidon P Limited, 1982.Gimpel, Ren. Journal dun collectionneur (Diary of an Art Dealer). Paris Marchandde Tableaux, 1963. 27.Jaukovic, Milan. Auguste Renoir paintings gallery. 1997. Alvilim. 19 Apr. 2004.Kane, D. Renoir. 1999. St. Brigids College. 1 May 2004.Pioch, Nicolas. WebMuseum Renoir, Pierre-Auguste. 16 July 2002. WebMuseum, Paris. 19 Apr. 2004.Thomson, Belinda. Impressionism Origins, Practice, Recption. London, England Thames & Hudson Ltd., 2000.WetCanvas Virtual Museum Individual Artist Gallery Pierre Auguste Renoir Painting Gallery. 1998. WebCanvas. 29 Apr. 2004.

Nike Case Study Essay

The Nike Sweatshop DebateShould Nike be held prudent for operative conditions in foreign factories that it does non give, but where subcontractors make intersection points for Nike?Nike is unimpeachably not only responsible but as well as accountable for the working conditions of foreign factories that it does not own which it subcontracts with. Nike should have taken the initiative to be responsible of the contractors/employees working in other countries on a globose scale. For example Recently, Pepsi Cola was in the news for entirelyegations of having pesticides in their drink products in India. Pepsi ensured that it was not fairish meeting standards in the Indian Market, but has the same standards of water purification across the world. Pepsi was found in a similar situation such as Nike, they should have realized that even though they were use upting cheap labor in other countries that they needed to be socially responsible to ensure that the workers get minimum wages and work in conditions that ar acceptable on a global scale.What labor standards regarding safety, working conditions, everywheretime, and the like should Nike hold foreign factories to those normal in that country, or those prevailing in the United States?Nike needs to adopt a polity for its overseas operations which will allow them to enjoy the hail advantages that they are realizing by off shoring manufacturing of shoes, yet which will give them the integrity of being a humanitarian family. For example, if Nike adopts the normal standards in the country of manufacturing and then it is not able to comply with some of the human rights related issues that global organizations should comply with. Thus, it is very important that Nike adopts a series of standards that ensures that workers get at least(prenominal) the minimum wages in the respective country but the working conditions should be acceptable enough for workers to work and the minimum age limit of workers should also be enforced strictly.An income of $2.28 a day, the base pay of Nike Factory workers in Indonesia, is double the daily income of about half the working population. Half of all adults in Indonesia are farmers, who receive less than $1 a day. Given this, is it correct to criticize Nike for the low pay rates of its subcontractors in Indonesia?Each country has their own which is regulated by the labor laws in each country. Daily rates are different according to the skill ofworkers, type of city the worker lives and kit and caboodle in and the prices of essential commodities in the city and state. For example, the daily wage of workers in factories manufacturing Nike shoes may be higher than farmers in the same city and or state.If Nikes contractors are not abiding by the minimum wage regulations for the type of skill and working conditions in which these workers work in, then Nike should be reprimanded and fined on the global scale. Yet, should Nikes contractors obey the minimum wage r egulations set by the government according to a workers skills and working conditions, then Nike cannot be condemned or criticized and analyse wages of one set of workers with another set of workers would be irrelevant.Could Nike have handled the negative publicity over sweatshops burst? What might it have done differently, not just from a public relations perspective, but also from a policy perspective?From a policy perspective, Nike could have handled the negative publicity over sweatshops much better. Nike could have enforced policies for all the contractors who are manufacturing either shoes or apparels for Nike across countries to obey the topical anaesthetic rules and also could have created some better policies that would apply to all the factories that manufacture Nikes products.In a good faith effort, Nike should have published the names of all the contractors across countries that obeyed the local working regulations, conditions and wages. Nike could have demanded that the local labor inspectors in different countries do an audit of their factories on a regular basis to ensure that contractors comply with the local laws in their respective countries so that the raft working there would be safe and fairly treated.Do you think Nike needs to make any changes to its current policy? If so what? Should Nike make changes even if they hinder the ability of the company to compete?Nike should adopt policies which work across the globe where their factories and workers are concerned. They need to ensure that all their contractors obey both the wage regulations and local working conditions in all countries. Nike can ensure this either by designating a labor inspector in each of their regions whom will report the details of all the workers working in their factories to a local, regional, national, and international board. This report would be submitted to legal experts at thecountry level and worldwide level to ensure that all the laws are in compliance by co ntractors of Nike.Is the WRC right to argue that the FLA is a tool of industry?Nike factories were found to be incompliant with the WRC as they found some policies which were not being followed in Nikes factories. WRC give ample time to FLA to see that all Nike factories are compliant with the local labor laws in their countries. WRC should routinely audit some of Nikes factories which FLA has deemed as compliant with local labor laws to ensure that it is not a tool of the industry.If sweatshops are a global problem, what might be a global solution to this problem?Bottom line is that companies should be held responsible for adhering to local, national, and international laws concerning the working conditions of people across the globe.Next summarize the strategic and operational challenges facing global managers illustrated in your selected case. Also comment on recent global breedings affecting the company in this case.Strategic ChallengesIdentifying low cost countries for cost ef fectiveness while still adhering to regulations governing working conditions and wages.Ensuring that consumers can get the same quality of product form anywhere across the globe.Letting the world know what the company is doing to ensure that its contractors and subcontractors are compliant with Nikes policies.Operational ChallengesEnsuring the same training and development of employees across regions, nations and the globe.Ensuring that each manufacturing plant has similar working conditions across the globe.Ensuring that every worker receives fair wages across the globe.ReferencesHill, Charles W.L. (2005). International Business Competing in the global marketplace. New York, NY McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

Research: Video Games Essay

Read the following establishments and select the best one for this report. Introduction AIntroductionThe purpose of this project is to come before our groups two c formerlyptual designs. We dupe include the following sketches for each car 3 dimensional view, elevation, plan, front, rear and interior view. Also, we suffer included a discussion of how the designs meet the criteria given in the project outline. The cars could be suit commensurate for short trips in busy atomic number 18as.Introduction B1.0 IntroductionWith the establish in global warming and increasing pollution levels, it is becoming essential to amaze a viable alternative to the internal combustion engine gasoline powered car. The aim of this project was to create two designs for a fuel cell powered car, the main criteria being environmental friendliness in scathe of both emissions and materials. This report presents the designs for two such cars, each of which includes the following components engine, fuel, wheels, accessories, safety features and materials.Car A is aimed at the upper end of the market, while Car B is a mid-range vehicle capable for family use. A description of the design and an analysis of operational efficiency for each car are followed by a similitude of the two designs. Fin tout ensembley, the close cost efficient design is recommended. Select the best introduction for this report.How to Write a Research Paper IntroductionOne of the most important areas of any project is the explore opus introduction that defines the standard and the quality of the project right from the really outset. You fill to pack in dozens of important information in spite of push throughance a short space which bathroom be difficult for students. Here are a few guidelines to help you issue a proper introduction for the root.Provide A Problem DefinitionYour look paper introduction will be the maiden clock prison term that your bother is described and non just treated as a subject. It is very important that you are precise and compact in your definition. The sample introduction is not a place to pen a complex thesis or go on about every single porta associated in the problem. On the other hand, you fecal matternot limit the problem to a few words. A proper research paper introduction should define the problem in one or two sentences through keywords that are essential to the context of the project. This is extremely important for scientific papers.Research Paper Introduction ExampleIf you read about how to write a research proposal than these 2 conterminous items will be easier for you to understand Give A Structured ReviewWhen you are writing your research paper introduction, you should be building it around a specific outline that provides an overall review of the paper. Your introduction would be different from an abstract in slightly aspects but it still needs to highlight all the possibilities of the project. If there are any primary limitat ions to your work, you can also mention that in brief within the introduction. Some clips the final project can turn out a bit different from initial planning. It is advised to write your research paper introduction towards the end of your work so there are no contradictions with the conclusion.Include All The Proper Sources to a type IntroductionSome of the best research paper introduction samples include primary resources supporting the disputation or research of the problem. You should search for similar resources from your local library and on the net to ensnare on your paper.When you are mentioning a source, cross check it if is from a credible site and if the information is correct. It is better to develop a sample research paper introduction based on sound known portals for sources rather than individual and independent websites. You should only mention those sources that closely highlight your specific theme of research.Sample Research Paper IntroductionIntroduction for a research paperCommon Sample Introduction MistakesOne of the many ways students mess up their research paper introduction samples is by making simple and common mistakes. The first thing to keep in sense is the word limit, usually restricted to fifty words. If you go on talking about the project, it should count as an error on your part so you need to be concise.You should also induction read your introduction quite a few times to avoid making any grammatical or sentence construction errors. Your research paper introduction should be optimized for keywords that are distributed in the main body of the project and deal with the essential context of research.Students focus a lot on heart and soul and guidelines but tend to ignore basic outlines of the introduction or abstract, stirting lesser grades. If you work upon these research paper introduction guidelines, you would surely come up with a professional quality paper as your assignment. Author of an article.What impact does toy mental picture stakes have on children or adolescents? The most widely utilize authoritative impact depiction stakes are said to have on children is that they may improve a players manual dexterity and electronic computing device literacy. Ever-improving technology also provides players with better graphics that give a more realistic virtual contend experience.This quality makes the video recording blue industry a powerful force in many adolescent lives. However, numerous studies show that video games, especially ones with reddened content, adversely affect a teens self-asserting doings.Part of the increase in aggressive behavior is linked to the amount of time children are stomached to play video games. In one es reckon by Walsh (2000), a majority of teens admitted that their parents do not impose a time limit on the number of hours they are allowed to play video games. The arena also showed that most parents are unaware of the content or the Entertainment so ftware product Rating Board (ESRB) rating (see below) of the video games their children play.In another ponder conducted by Gentile, Lynch, Linder & Walsh (2004, p.6) adolescent girls played video games for an average of 5 hours a week whereas boys averaged 13 hours a week. The authors also stated that teens who play violent video games for extended periods of time show the following behaviors1. Tend to be more aggressive2. Are more prone to confrontation with their teachers3. May rent in fights with their peers4. See a decline in school achievements. (Gentile et al, 2004).Another nix impact is that players are rewarded for their violent acts. The interactive quality of video games differs from passively viewing tele mickle or movies because it allows players to become active participants in the games script. Players benefit from engaging in acts of violence and are and then able to move to the games next level.Gentile & Anderson (2003) state that playing video games may increase aggressive behavior because violent acts are continually repeated throughout the video game. This method of repetition has long been considered an effective teaching method in reinforcing learning numbers.Video games also encourage players to identify with and role play their favorite characters. This is referred to as a first-person video game (Anderson & Dill, 2000, p. 788) because players are able to make decisions affecting the actions of the character they are imitating. After a limited amount of time playing a violent video game, a player can automatically prime aggressive thoughts (Bushman & Anderson, 2002, p. 1680). The researchers concluded that players who had precedent experience playing violent video games responded with an increased level of aggressionwhen they encountered confrontation (Bushman & Anderson, 2002).In a Joint Statement (2000) before the Congressional Public health Summit, a number of American medical associations the American Medical draw, American Academy of Pediatrics, American Psychological Association, American Academy of Family Physicians and American Academy of nipper & Adolescent Psychiatry caution parents about violence in the media and its detrimental effect on children.Their report states that exposure to violent media can elevate aggressive feelings and thoughts, especially in children. These cause on aggressive behavior can be long-term. Although fewer studies have been conducted on interactive video games, evidence suggests that playing violent video games may have a more dramatic do work on the behavior of children and adolescents (Joint Statement, 2000). Tips on managing your childs media use of goods and operateBecause of the popularity of video games, completely eliminating them from your childs life cleverness be difficult. that there are a number of suggestions for decreasing the negative impact that they competency have on your child. Here are a few tips * Know the rating of the video games your child plays (see below). * Do not install video game equipment in your childs bedroom. * Set limits on how often and how long your child is allowed to play video games. * Monitor all of your childs media consumption video games, television, movies and Internet.* Supervise your childs Internet use there are now many video games available for playing online. * Take the time to discuss with your children the games they are playing or other media they are watching. Ask your children how they feel about what they observe in these video games, television programs or movies. This is an probability to share your feelings and grow closer with your child. * Share with other parents information about certain games or ideas for helping each other in parenting. The Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB)The Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB) is a self-regulatory body established in 1994 by the Interactive Digital Software Association (IDSA). The major video game manufacturers creat ed this board after doctored groups and parents applied pressure over the content of video games. Similar to the movie industrys rating form, all major game companies now submit their new products for rating to specially trained raters at the ESRB. The ESRB rates over 1,000 games per year.The ESRB looks at a number of factors when rating games. In particular, it considers the amount of violence, sex, controversial language and substance abuse shew in a game. Based on its developed guidelines, the ESRB then gives an age recommendation and content descriptor to each game submitted. The following are the rating symbols currently in use, according to the ESRB Web site.Early puerility (EC) Content should be suitable for children 3 years and older and contain no objectional material.Everyone (E) Content suitable for persons ages 6 and older. The game may contain negligible violence and near comic mischief.Teen (T) Content suitable for persons ages 13 and older. Content is more violen t than (E) rating and contains mild or strong language, and/or suggestive themes.Mature (M) Content suitable for persons ages 17 and older. Content definitely has more mature sexual themes, intense violence and stronger language.Adults Only (AO) Content suitable only for adults and may contain graphic sex and/or violence. Adult Only products are not intended for persons under the age of 18.Rating pending (RP) Game has been submitted to the ESRB and is awaiting a final rating.The ESRB Web site has more details about this rating system, as well as the content descriptors that are utilize in conjunction with the ratings on game packaging. The site is also useful for parents who want to search for the rating of a particular game.ReferencesBushman, B. & Anderson, C. (2002). Violent Video Games and opponent Expectations A Test of the General Aggression Model. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 1679-1686.Gentile, D. A. & Anderson, C. A. (2003). Violent video games The newest media violence hazard. In D. A. Gentile (Ed.), Media violence and children. Westport, CT Praeger Publishing.Gentile, D. A., Lynch, P., Linder, J. & Walsh, D. (2004). The personal effects of violent video game habits on adolescent hostility, aggressive behaviors, and school performance. Journal of Adolescence, 27, 5-22.Joint Statement on the Impact of Entertainment Violence on Children Congressional Public Health Summit. (July 26, 2000.) Availablehttp//www.aap.org/advocacy/ releases/jstmtevc.htm, Accessed 9/2004Walsh, D. (2000). Interactive violence and children Testimony submitted to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, United States Senate. (March 21, 2000.) Availablehttp//commerce.senate.gov/ hearings/0321wal1.pdf (Acrobat), Accessed 9/2004The gamer community had a near-miss this week in Ohio, when a 15-year-old boy collapsed after playing Call of Duty Modern Warfare 3 for up to five eld straight. The Columbus teen was rushed to the hospital with severe dehyd ration, where he recovered, according to a report from TV station WCMH on Aug. 7. Players who delve too deeply into their electronic worlds can face various health risks, ranging from deep vein thrombosis, or blood clots, to severe dehydration. For instance, in July, a Taiwanese teenager was found dead after sitting for 40 hours in an Internet cafe playing Diablo 3. At the time, doctors speculated he died from a heart attack caused by a blood clot that formed during the long session.And last summer, a 20-year-old man from the U.K. died from a blood clot after spending 12-hour sessions on his Xbox. His father told The solarise newspaper, He lived for his Xbox. I never dreamed he was in any danger. 10 Easy Paths to Self Destruction While these are extreme cases, they are a monitor that sitting at a computer or console for days, whether its for World of Warcraft or for work, isnt healthy for anyone.But psychologists who study video games and kids say parents neednt worry about the am ount of time spent caper, unless screen time starts to affect school, health or social life. (And, of course, a stint of tens of hours frolic is likely to negatively affect schoolwork and lead to social woes.) That said, researchers remain concerned about the effects of violent content in video games, which have been linked by many studies to aggressive behavior. Too much screen time?These days, screens of one kind or another occupy youth for 50 hours a week, a 2010 survey by the Kaiser Family Foundation reports. Its a full-time job plus 10 hours of overtime, and thats the average, said Douglas Gentile, a psychologist and film director of the Media Research Lab at Iowa State University. Video- childs play consumed nine weekly hours for teens, the Kaiser survey found, while a Harris Poll conducted for Gentile during the same period reported 13 hours a week spent gaming on computers and consoles. While some kids can shoot em up for hours, for others, too much time gaming leads to poor school performance. Recent studies have finally linked the cause and effect, showing that gaming displaces after-school academic activities such as homework and reading.A 2010 study from researchers at Denison University in Ohio, published in the journal Psychological Science, compared two groups of boys that had never owned gaming systems. They gave one group a system right away, but withheld games from the other group for four months. Boys who received the video-game system first had more teacher-reported learning problems and significantly lower reading and writing rafts than the other boys. Problems in school are relatively easy for parents to fix Limit screen time of course, if you can get the watchler out of his or her hands. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends no more than one to two hours per day in front of any electronics.Violent games and aggressionWhats harder to control is violent content in video games. The Pew Research Center reported in 2008 that mo re than 90 percent of games rated as appropriate for children 10 years or older contained violence, including games rated E for everyone. (Most researchers define violence as the ability of a player to intentionally harm others in a game.) flat most researchers will agree that video games can help as well as harm. For example, educational games boost learning, and action games can improve vision and spatial skills. Video games have also been used successfully to teach children self-care skills for asthma and diabetes. And then theres the primary reason raft play video games Theyre relaxing. Gentile thinks the flickering screen and varying sound levels trigger a primitive brain response.One of the reasons I think we find television and video games so relaxing is they provide the attention for you. It forces you to orient to the media. You dont have to work to pay attention like you do in a classroom lecture, said Gentile. But a preponderance of evidence links violent video games to an increase in aggressive behavior in teens. The behavior wasnt violent crime, like school shootings, but small yet hurtful offenses like teasing, name-calling, rumor-spreading and fist fights. In a review of one hundred thirty studies of kids and teens, Iowa State University researchers found that violent video games increased the likelihood of aggression and decreased empathy. The meta-analysis appeared in 2010 in the journal Psychological Bulletin. 5 Ways to Foster Self-Compassion in Your Teen Which teens are vulnerable?Of course, repeated exposure to violence in any environment has a deleterious effect, Gentile noted. Seeing violence anywhere increases the risks that a child might become involved in aggression, whether as a perpetrator or a victim, he said. But video games are phenomenal teachers. Players get immediate feedback and rewards for punishing competitors. And not only do games reward hostility, they train your brain to respond to real-life problems with aggression, research indicates. In fact, games can prime teens to fight back to slights with name-calling or pushing, instead of choosing to avoid confrontation. So when I get bumped in the hallway, I dont assume its an accident anymore, explained Gentile. What comes to mind first is to retaliate in some way. Those arent the only options you have, but we never think of them because what we see over and over in the media is You killed my monster, now you must die.But psychologist Patrick Markeys research suggests just some teens are susceptible to these effects. Markey found heap withcertain personality traits those who are highly neurotic, less agreeable and less scrupulous are those more likely to become hostile from gaming. The 2010 study appeared in the journal Review of General Psychology.The truth of the matter is that most people can handle this media, but for some people with a select predisposition, these people might be a little more aggressive, more prone to an argument here and there, said Markey, a professor at Villanova University in Pennsylvania. The most interesting part is there is really no research that suggests video games have a different effect than TV or movies. It has empirically never been shown, said Markey. Any media is supposed to engage us emotionally, and video games are a form of media, a form of art regular(a). Recreational GamingIf all this hoopla surrounding a seemingly innocent pastime has you baffled, count me in. For people who view it as a source of entertainment, or even as a recreational activity, gaming spells out pure pleasure. Some may even wish to classify it as a brain workout. Human callowness is what leads us into making these hasty categories, for all that is pleasurable, is bound to suck our sanity in a whirlpool of addictions. When we speak of any recreational activity, we usually think of sharing, and online gaming is not too different. Gaming communities, at times, happen to be very closely bonded, with some interac tions leading to lifelong relationships. Now, there certainly wouldnt be this kind of outrage over youngsters bonding over sessions of football, isnt it? Critics of gaming blame the overdose of violence that forms an integral part of certain games to the unruly behavior in players. But barring a few games, which indeed have a mature rating, the others do qualify as safe indulgences. Online gaming usually involves multiplayer games, and cooperation with partner players becomes an integral part of it. There is a distinct possibility of people bonding across countries and cultures, united by a common passion for gaming. One aspect which simply cannot be ignored is the affirmatory effects of gaming on the players self-esteem. As the level of the games escalates, it calls for enhanced levels of skills, and surmounting these challenges gives the player a sense of achievement, and leads to confidence building. There are games which are meant to be enjoyed by the family, and when played to gether, they make for a few hours well-spent, and bring the members of the family closer, just as any other family activity would do. Games are looked at by some to be an outlet for their negative emotions. Pent-up frustration and anger makes way for a calmer mind when people play these games as a form of recreation, which other than would have had a negative effect on their relationships.Addictive GamingSo, where does it go persecute for online gaming, and why are they blamed for causing harm to young and old minds alike? The answer lies in the fine line which separates indulgence and overindulgence. It happens to people who blur the demarcation between games and life. When we think of gamers, the first image that comes to our mind is that of a nerd, holed up in a room, hunched up in front of a computer screen with fingers furiously tapping on a keyboard/joystick. These people have no clue whatsoever about what goes on around them they lose all track of time, forget their hunger a nd personal hygiene, all for the pastime of a mere game. The aftereffects of being excessive are for everyone to see. Since such people are usually isolated for extended periods, their confidence usually deserts them once they are not in the company of a computer. Frequent mood swings and temper issues are not unknown. Family members of such addicts are often heard express feelings about the amount of time these people give to their obsession, which strangely enough, makes them more rebellious. Lack of social interaction also leads to extreme awkwardness when they find themselves in the company of actual people. To say that they suffer from social phobias would not be an overstatement. Getting involved with the wrong kind of people online can inculcate wrong values in a person. They may refuse to respect people or use profanity, which leads them to be ostracized from society. At the very least, it does have some negative impact on their communication skills. As with any addiction, this one too will push players to cross any limit to protect their obsession. Parental stop in preventing this addiction is usually unwelcome, and we have had some disastrous examples of violence as a result of this. Certain games with their prejudiced notions on genders and races actually influence an addicted gamers mind. They tend to carry these prejudices into their real life, adversely affecting their existing relationships. Read more at Buzzle http//www.buzzle.com/articles/how-does-online-gaming-affect-social-interactions.html QuestionQUESTION 1. Do playing online games affect the academic performances of your students? 2. What do you observe to the students who are very active in playing online games? What their behavior? 3. How will you work as a counseling to stop them in playing online games, or just to lessen it? 4. How do you handle students who are not motivated to study instead they choose to feed their attention in playing online games? 5. What do you think are th e reasons why they get hook in playing online games? 6. As an educator, what are the positive and negative effects of online games to your students? 7. What will be the effect to them if they continue to play those games?ANSWER Hi Harold,Many of the video games out these days are very well done. That includes online games. They can be very alluring and once you get involved they can be very absorptive.Many of them are fun and very realistic.They should be treated like any activity and done in moderation.They can be huge time wasters so anyone playing them should be aware of that.As a counselor I wouldnt discourage playing games. I would ask the person how involved they are how they interact with them. If they spend too much time, I would advise they look at that behavior.If I had a student who what adicted to playing games, I would treat it like all adictions.People can get hooked into these games because they provide a challenge they are very realistic and they are an opportunity t o pour yourself into something.The positives are that they are an excellent change of behavior if you need that. The negative are that someone can let them get out of control and control their life. They can spend too much time playing. They can loose sleep. They can get addicted.I do not believe there is any long-term affects to playing the game itself. They are very real but they are not reality.If someone confuses them with reality, they have a worse problem then playing the game and that should be addressed.The long-term affects might be the residual behavior arising out of abusing them such as addiction, sleeplessness, other social problems related to too much activity.If you need further info or clarification, please write again.Graig )- FOLLOW-UP -QUESTION 1. In your own words, how do you define online games or video games? 2. what can you say to those people or students who are playing online games?observation about thier manners and behavior? Case ForSeveral research studie s have been conducted that indicate video game addiction is real in around 10% of gamers who meet criteria for video game addiction. Grsser et al (2007) found that pathological gamers differed from regular gamers in terms of daily time spent playing, and had higher(prenominal) expected relief of withdrawal symptoms when gaming, and higher craving due to the expectation of a positive outcome of gaming. These are all characteristics which mirror those of of substance dependence. Skoric et al (2009) showed that video game addiction is independent of simply how much time is spent playing, and how engaged children are with the game. In their study, addiction tendencies were negatively related to bookworm performance, while no such relationship was found for either time spent playing games or for video game engagement.A similar pattern of video game addiction being negatively related to scholastic performance was previously found in a separate study by Chiu et al (2004). Charltons (2002) factor analysis provided support for computer addiction as a unique concept. This research demonstrated the importance of recognizing the specific characteristics of computer addiction, rather than simply adapting measures of pathological gambling, which are likely to overestimate the occurrence of computer addiction. Recognition of video game addiction would allow support services to be integrated into community addiction settings, and specific training to be provided to staff. This is particularly important given the high incidence of concurrent disorders among those with video game addiction.Case AgainstVideo game playing may have several advantages. Proficiency in video games can develop the self esteem of the player. It can develop eye-hand coordination, and can have other educational features. More sophisticated games can help players to develop other skills, and recent developments have built in aspects of physical exercise although this may have limited appeal to gamers. Th e reality of popular culture is that we are more and more dependent on technology. A generation ago, computers were complicated and difficult to use, but modern computers are more user-friendly, and are relatively easy and enjoyable for the majority of people to use. Video games allow people to have positive experiences of using computers, that can provide transferable skills for using computers for a variety of purposes.Bearing in mind the potential positive effects of video game playing, to label the activity an addiction without sufficient evidence and interpretive guidelines about what constitutes addiction (as opposed to benign or positive game playing) could deter many children and their parents who could possibly benefit from video games. This would be a mistake. There is wide variation in video games, and although some appear to have harmful effects, particularly through the promotion of violence and other anti-social behaviors, this is a function of the content of specific games, rather than a characteristic of video games per se.Video games as a medium have equal potential to develop positive social skills, or to provide benign forms of entertainment although these may not be as easily marketable to kids. As with other addictions, there is a risk that a label like video game addiction could be used too liberally, without paying attention to other concurrent or underlying conditions, such as attentional problems, autism spectrum disorders, depression and solicitude disorders. These conditions have different treatments which might more effectively help the excessive game player. And video game addiction is vulnerable to the same criticism that all behavioral addictions are that addictions are a chemical problem resulting from the intake of addictive substances, not a pattern of behavior.Where It StandsThe APA is not saying that video game addiction does not exist, nor that it is not addiction, but simply that they are looking at the issue and wont m ake a decision until the next edition of the DSM comes out in 2013. In the same release in which they withdrew their recommendation that video game addiction be recognized, the APA expressed serious concern about the consequences of excessive video game playing in children, stating Psychiatrists are concerned about the wellbeing of children who spend so much time with video games that they fail to develop friendships, get appropriate outdoor exercise or suffer in their schoolwork.Certainly a child who spends an excessive amount of time playing video games may be exposed to violence and may be at higher risks for behavioral and other health problems. Therefore, whether or not video game addiction is acknowledged as a real addiction, or even as a mental health problem in and of itself, the APA is clear that excessive video game playing in children can be unhealthy, and can lead to other problems.

Promoting Indigenous Family Health Essay

It is a known fact that indigen and Torres unbowed Islander populations dont live as long as their western counterparts as picturen by AMA swell upness subject Card (2011). decision the Gap (Calma 2008) is a campaign aimed at a national attempt to obtain and bring equity in wellness to our autochthonic and Torres Straight Islander communities. In order to be successful in this we must identify the break issues causing this inequity and through and through public awareness and government campaigns such as closing the gap, we become closer to our goal of primary and Torres Straight Islanders reaching a full and greater lifetime expectancy.Health reform initiatives are used to promote wellness care at heart their communities and encourage primal and Torres Straight Islanders to be educated about their own health. As a nurse, in order to assist in this process, an understanding of family centred health care and the Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander concept of family must be utilized. With these 2 nursing skills, the local anesthetic health initiatives and government campaigns, we are providing the best opportunity and apply for Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander communities to take control of their health and ultimately close the gap.Key issues contributing to the gap in health and life expectancy, as identified by AMA (2011), include low income, limited tuition, low levels of employment, poor housing, affordability of health care, geographical access to health care and the acceptability of the health care practice to Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander communities. Illawarra Aboriginal Medical Service (2013) is a local health reform initiative for Aboriginals and Torres straight Islanders that provides a cultur in ally define environment where they can access health care due to its geographical location, affordability and mostly acceptability.Illawarra Aboriginal Medical Service (IAMS 2013) has two centers within the Illawarra mak ing it geographically accessible. The center is entirely aimed towards the better health of Aboriginals and Torres Straight Islanders, ensuring all health care is afford fit and providing as much tending and support where it may be needed to help these communities improve their health. The main key issue identified by AMA (2011) that is addressed within the IAMS (2013), is the acceptability.The two health check centers are entirely based on the care given to the Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander communities, making them specialized and aware of cultural beliefs, customs and the fabricate communication techniques. The Illawarra Aboriginal Medical Services also employ Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander members of the federation as their staff providing a culturally secure environment and a greater concept of family centred care and the Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander concept of family within their approach.The AMA (2011) states that original health workers are significant in facilitating the journey of Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islanders to better health. This also provides opportunities to the Indigenous communities to recognize employment, contributing to the resolution for issues of low income and low levels of employment, as identified in the AMA Report Card (2011). Centers such as these provide Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander families a culturally secure, accessible and affordable method to be treated for their health issues in a more comfortable surrounding.On a larger scale the Department of Health and Ageing run by the Australian giving medication have m either classs and health reform initiates in place to assist in closing the gap as identified by Calma (2008). Element collar of the Indigenous Early Childhood schooling National Partnership Annual Report (2011) have a goal of increasing the provision of maternal and shaver health services of Indigenous children and their mothers. To achieve this, the Child and Maternal Health Services component of their program includes $90. 3million to be used for New Directions Mothers and Babies Services (Department of Health and Ageing 2011).This initiative increases access for Indigenous mothers and their children to antenatal and postnatal care, education and assistance with breastfeeding, nutrition and parenting, monitoring of immunization status and infections, health checks and referrals for Indigenous children beforehand starting school and monitoring developmental milestones. This initiative provides Indigenous communities with access to health care that promotes better health in the new generation of Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander Australians, designed to assist with closing the gap by raising a new generation with fewer health issues.With this, we are able to address key issues identified by AMA (2011). The main key issue addressed by this initiative is access. Consultations are held with Aboriginal Health Forums to assist in the i dentification of priority areas for child and maternal health services. In their annual report, the Department of health and Ageing (2011) state that this ensures that access is given those most in need considering, geographic location, affordability and acceptance. The second key issue identified in the AMA Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander Health Report Card (2011) addressed by this initiative is education.The funding provided builds a solid base for providing much needed education to mothers about their babies and already existing children. In order for a program such as this to be successful, health professionals allocated to educating Aboriginals and Torres Straight islanders must be equipped and prepared to deal with the problems faced by cultural barriers as well as being experienced in a family centred care approach (Taylor & Guerin 2010). Family centred nursing care is an central factor in the health outcome of any given patient (Bamm & Rosenbaum 2008).They also clai m that there is no exact definition of family, instead, the meaning of family and their level of involvement in care provided, is determined by the patient themselves. The core concepts of successful family centred care are enjoy and dignity, information sharing, participation, and collaboration (IFPCC 2013). These principles are the main constituents of effective family centred health care, and ultimately better health outcomes for the patient themselves (Mitchell, Chaboyer & Foster 2007). These concepts can be utilized, with a correct nursing approach, regardless of age, gender or cultural differences.To provide the best family centred care to Indigenous Australians, nurses must utilize the main concepts above, but also have an understanding of the Indigenous concept of family. The Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander population have bullocky family values, however, it differs from the usual nuclear concept of family in common western society. Their family has an extended str ucture, and in order to provide adequate family centred care, this concept must be dumb by health professionals on all levels, including nurses (NSW Department of corporation Services 2009).This concept of extended family and their Indigenous community as their family means that children are non only the concern of their biological parents, but the entire community. Care of the children in indigenous communities is the responsibility of everyone. Family members can be blood-related, through marriage or through their community, such as elders. It is normal for a combination of mothers, fathers, uncles, aunties, cousins, brothers, sisters or elders to be involved into the care of the individual and these figures must be treated as their target family even if not directly blood-related (NSW Department of Community Servies 2009).In order to provide family centred care, to not only Indigenous but also all patients, a therapeutic relationship and foundation of trust should be develope d (Baas 2012). The principles of family centred care should also be incorporated, especially respect of the Indigenous agriculture and maintaining their dignity. appreciate and dignity, combined with trust and a therapeutic relationship within the Indigenous community, information sharing, participation and collaboration should follow once enough trust has been developed.To gain the trust of Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander patients and their family, firstly an understanding of their culture should be pertained. When needed, to be aware of such customs as Mens and Womens business, and to respect these practices within your care (Tantiprasut and Crawford 2003). This shows the patient and their family members, you respect them and their culture. Introducing yourself in a friendly and polite manner, including all family members shew and always respecting cultural values is key to receiving respect back and developing trust.Acknowledge and actively listen to the needs of the I ndigenous people and also their community in a culturally appropriate manner. As described in the practice resource for working with Indigenous communities published by DOCS (2009) showing respect for their elders and community leaders and involving them in important decision making processes ordain also show that you respect them, their culture and that they can trust you and eventually your advice regarding health issues.In order to successfully be accepted by the community, communication techniques need to be specialized to avoid offending any members of the family or misinterpreting their language. Gaining a basic knowledge of their community result assist in understanding the dominant family groups, language groups and preferred names. This ensures you dont step out of your boundaries and repose respectful in your approach to their care. Including or consulting with Aboriginal health care workers regarding communication and Aboriginal-English would be beneficial to adequatel y understand their method of communication.Understanding non-verbal methods of communication and being aware of your own non-verbal communication is highly appropriate when consulting with Indigenous communities. Always speaking with respect, clearly, and avoiding jargon will deliver the best results when building a relationship within the tribes (NSW Department of Community Services 2009). Remaining open minded when consulting with Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander communities in aspects of communication and family relations will avoid incorrect assumptions. It is also high important to play an active role within the community and their events.According to NSW Department of Community Services (2009) within Indigenous communities word of mouth is a powerful tool, once an outsider is known as someone who listens actively and can be trusted, the community will be eager to work collaboratively and participate in your health approach (NSW Department of Community Services 2009). Wh en the principles of family centred care trust, dignity, collaboration and participation, have all been achieved and a therapeutic relationship within the community has developed, the community will listen to your health advice.When introducing a health concept to the Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander families it is important to engage them actively into your care (NSW Department of Community Services 2008). Using appropriate communication techniques to explain health issues and the reasons they need to be addressed provides them with education and knowledge regarding why interventions need to be implemented. Allowing them to discuss their options and decide as a community is also important, forcing them to uptake medical help could be seen as disrespectful.Allowing time to answer all questions and concerns from various members of the family in a manner they can understand identifies that you are actively listening and honestly concerned for their health. Demaio and Dysdale 20 12 show that continuity of involvement in their community, and providing a continuous support network will only further build their trust in your advice. The gap in health and life expectancy between Indigenous Australians and westernised Australians is a concerning issue within the country (Calma 2008).Health reform initiatives are funded by the government and local organisations to provide accessible, affordable and culturally safe health care to our Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander communities. These initiatives are designed to address the key issues identified in the AMA Report Card (2011) regarding barriers to health care. Approaching Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander family communities utilizing the family health care principles and with a knowledge of their concept of community family and understanding of their culture increases positive outcomes in their health education and furthermore assisting to close the gap.References Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islande r Corporation 2013, Ilawarra Aboriginal Medical Service, viewed 27 April 2013 www. illawarraams. com. au Australian Medical Association 2011, Best practice in primary health care for Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islanders, viewed 28 April 2013 http//ama. com. au/aboriginal-reportcard2010-11 Baas, L 2012, Patient and family centred care, Heart and Lung, vol. 41, no. 6, pp. 534-535. Bamm, E, Rosenbaum, P 2008, Family centred theory origins, development, barriers and supports to implementation in rehabilitation medicine, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, vol.89, no. 8, pp. 1618-1624. Calma, T, 2008, Closing the Gap Campaign for Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander health inequality by 2030, Australian Government, Canberra. Demaio, A, Drysdale, M 2012, Appropriate health promotion for Australian Aboriginal and torres straight islander communities crucial for closing the gap, Global Health Promotion, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 58-62. Department of Health and Ageing 2011, In digenous Early Childhood Development National Partnership Annual Report, viewed 28 April 2013 http//www. health. gov. au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/1D00A20690DD46EFCA2579860081EEE4/$File/NewDirectionsMothersandBabiesServices-AnnualReport2010-11. pdf IPFCC 2013, Institute for patient and family centred care, viewed 28 April 2013 www. ipfcc. org. au Mitchell, M, Chaboyer, W, Foster, M 2007, corroboratory effects of a nursing intervention on family-centred care in adult critical care, American Journal of Critical Nursing, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 543-552. NSW Deparment of Community Services 2008, Brighter futures engaging with aboriginal children and families, viewed 28 April 2013 http//www.community. nsw. gov. au/docswr/_assets/main/documents/brighterfutures_enagaging_aboriginal. pdf NSW Department of Community Services 2009, Working with aboriginal communities a practice resource, viewed 28 April 2013 http//www. community. nsw. gov. au/docswr/_assets/main/documents/working_wit h_aboriginal. pdf Tantiprasut, L, Crawford, J 2003, Australian Aboriginal Culture, R. I. C Publications, Sydney. Taylor, K, Guerin, P 2010, Health care and Indigenous Australians cultural safety in practice, Palgrave Macmillan, South Yarra.

Religion and Individualism Essay

Different countries have different cultures, traditions and values. They represent the image of the nation, peoples mentality, how they rally and express, and what they strive for and struggle for. With the service of process of them we judge of what is important in life of a soul, of a nation, of a country. America is not an exception. Despite the great number of various ethnic groups that expect United States, in that location be things that unite all the people. Among them argon such values manage freedom and independence that entirely characterize America. The Ameri burn down unveiling fathers felt that this concept was of utmost importance when they were deciding what the United States Of America would be and how it would function. In the second paragraph of the Declaration of Independence its written We hold these legalitys to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.This is what sets the U.S. unconnected from all other countries in the world. Other values are beauty, nature, patriotism, optimism, and equality. All of them are expound by different American writers, painters, politicians and philosophers. Probably the most important ingredient of Americans ideology is their belief in the freedom of the individual called individualism. Americas highest ideal and greatest blessing is freedom and each individual decides to what mean should it be employed. Every unmatched should set his own goals for himself. Americans are considered to be rather spectral nation. A majority of Americans report that religion plays a very important mathematical function in their digests. We can settle how various writers, politics and painters talk ab start religion and express it in their works. In this paper such values as religion and individualism will be analyzed, through the words of Emily Dickinson, Abraham Lin coln, heat content David Thoreau, and Ralph Waldo Emerson.Emily Dickinson, an American poet, was brought up in a prominent family, which raised Dickinson to be a cultured Christian woman who would one day be responsible for a family of her own. Her father attempted to protect her from reading books that might joggle her mind, peculiarly her religious faith. She dressed but in white. In religion white color is the symbol of innocence, purity, holiness, and chastity. She used contemporary popular church anthems, transforming their standard rhythms into free-form hymnmeters. Her poetry contains almost all the range of biblical and religious designations. Emily Dickinsons poem credence is a Fine Invention, can be interpreted spiritually. Dickinson says, Faith is a fine invention- When Gentlemen can understand In context, Faith is belief that does not rest on tenacious proof or evidence. In other words, faith is belief without seeing. In Dickinsons poem, she suggests that humanki nd only possess faith when the object is seen.In essence, faith is nonexistent. Dickinson continues in the subsequent lines saying, But Microscopes are prudent- In an Emergency. This suggests the characteristic of some people who simply cannot accept something without witnessing an in-depth account. For example, Microscopes could be a representation of modern day scientists and interpreters who research and develop explanations to discover the truth behind what is believed. Continuing, Dickinson suggests these Microscopes are prudent only when things go bad. As with most people today, good judgment is generally a last resort in the midst of adversity. Genuine faith is the only way out of trouble. Nevertheless, humankind is busy trying to offer explanations and theory rather accepting belief without logical evidence. In her poem This World Is not Conclusion we see that she didnt think this world is the end. A Species stands beyond this means that life exists somewhere beyond our wor ld. She was saying that death is not the end of this world. on that point is another life after death because matinee idol says so. This speaks also of the resurrection.She was saying after we die there is another generation that comes after us, so really this world never ends it keeps on going and going. Its just like Plato was saying that all the souls transmigrate and only those souls, who reached the catharsis leave the earth and stay in the kingdom of heaven. People try to puzzle out what is this, notwithstanding(a) the Faith slips and laughs, and rallies Blushes, if any see Plucks at a twig of Evidence. Again, you must just believe in God, in a world beyond, and not try to find evidences for it. There are things even the wise cant explain Philosophy dont know. Abraham Lincoln, sixteenth president of the United States, has become a mythic solve in Americas civil religion. He was known for honest, sympathy, and kindness to the victims of the Civil War on both sides. He wa s private about his beliefs and value the beliefs of others. Though Lincoln didnt belong to any church, he is believed to be Christian.Lincoln read the Bible throughouthis life and quoted from it widely. Lincoln was clear in his belief that Christians of the North and South were soliciting to the same God. Lincoln was self-taught in the ways of both God and humanity. His speeches and conversations always had references on Christianity, there is an unusual depth of the Christian perception. Nowhere was that depth visible than in his Second Inaugural Address Both read the same Bible, and pray to the same God and each invokes His precaution against the other. It may seem strange that any men should dare to ask a just Gods assistance in wringing their bread from the excrete of other mens faces but let us judge not that we be not judged. The prayers of both could not be answered that of neither has been answered fully. The omnipotent has His own purposes. He insisted that there were no unbridgeable differences. Both were God fearing people and worked hard.He went on to describe the strange fact that both sides pray to the same God for a successful resolution and improvement of each of their ideals. Both could not win. It was providence that willed that slavery should be abolished and in his speech, which was almost like a prayer, he look forward tod to calm both. Lincoln suggested that the cause of the war was the North and the Souths common sin of slavery. He continued, Fondly do we hope fervently do we pray that this mighty scourge of war may speedily pass away. Yet, if God wills that it continue, until all the wealth piled by the bond-mans 250 eld of unrequited toil shall be sunk and until every drop of blood drawn with the lash, shall be paid by another drawn with the sword, so as was said three thousand years ago, so still it must be said the judgments of the Lord are true and righteous altogether. He uses religious imagery to enlist the belief that G od is against slavery. Lincoln placed the outcome of the war into the hands of God to whom all seemed to be praying, saying that whatever Gods desire on these issues would be, that would decide the fate.He said that if it is Gods will that the war should continue until all funds be expended or until there is a peaceful conclusion, whichever the case, God would decide. He concludes with more religious imagery, specifying the prophesy right that the Union should attain a victory, and that the goal is to achieve and bang about a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations, based on firmness in the right as God gives us to see the right. Ralph Waldo Emerson was an American lecturer, essayist and poet. He was seen as a champion of individualism.Emerson was drastic in his conviction that an individual should obey himself and himself alone. The concept of individualism is fully described in the essay Self-Reliance. Emerson uses the essay as a vehicle for stressing the imp ortance of the individuals intellectual and moral development, and for making a defensive instruction supporting individualism itself.His idea is that a man can trust no one but himself he should not obey the ships company, but think and act as he feels is right. A man should learn to detect and watch that gleam of light which flashes across his mind from within, more than the lustre of the orbit of bards and sages. Emerson says that man should focus on his inner self for guidance rather than relying on external. Trust thyself every heart vibrates to that iron string. Accept the place the divine Providence has found for you. Reliance on and acceptance of the self are the keys to achieving uniqueness by way of trusting ones own thoughts. stand in trust in a persons own intuition should exist without influence from outside forces of tradition, religion or government. Emerson talks about the cabaret as about an obstacle on the way of free thoughts. These are the voices which we he ar in solitude, but they grow faint and inaudible as we drop into the world The virtue in most request is conformity. Self-reliance is its aversion. It loves not realities and creators, but names and customs.The conjunction doesnt love truth and art, but unimportant words and conventions. And Emerson says I ought to go upright and vital, and speak the rude truth in all ways, so he doesnt want to follow the society and hide the truth. What is natural, what a man feels, what he believes to be true, right and paramount these are important No law can be sacred to me but that of my nature. Good and bad are but names very readily transferable to that or this the only right is what is after my constitution, the only wrong what is against it. If he is the only one who thinks other than from the society, that doesnt mean he is wrong. All people are individuals and they are ruled by different values, opinions, moral codes and beliefs. If a person votes for a candidate just because everybo dy does, Emerson cant really understand what this person presents of himself under this mask My life is for itself and not for a spectacle. I much prefer that it should be of a lower strain, so it be genuine and equal, than that it should be glittering and unsteady. Later he says Do your work, and you shall reinforce yourself.Do what you want to do, what youfeel you should do, but not what majority dictates you. Otherwise youre not living a life youre just a beast in the hands of the society, a part of indifferent mass. People are afraid to be misunderstood. Therefore it would be better and easier to agree with the others and accept genial standards than to try to go against them and to change something. When we allow ourselves to be dictated to by another, sooner or later those people realize they have us absorbed around their finger, and serious problems could arise. Emerson tries to assure them thats not so bad many famous figures were misunderstood. Your conformity explains n othing. Act on an individual basis, and what you have already done singly will justify you now. Also when you accept the thing you dont believe in, you oppose yourself, which is the worst treachery you can do, according to Emerson. Emerson also says that everything comes from the important source.The universe is right, if we free ourselves, trace our souls clear, well understand the universe. The inquiry leads us to that source, at once the essence of genius, of virtue, and of life, which we call Spontaneity or Instinct. We denote this primary cognition as Intuition, whilst all later teachings are tuitions. Intuition is the basic wisdom, the mystical senses, when you say you just know it, and you feel it. Emerson always thought that feelings are the scoop proofs and arguments for everything. Repeatedly throughout Self-Reliance Emerson returns to these ideas and themes to support his point that fortune and peace is attainable only through reliance on and trust in ones self. Peop le should believe in themselves, despite what others may say or think, not be afraid of thinking differently, not lose their identity. Henry David Thoreau was an American author, poet, critic, and philosopher. He is best known for his essay Civil Disobedience, an argument for individual dareance to civil government in moral opposition to an partial state. One of the most important themes in the work of Thoreau is the idea of individualism.Thoreau rejects the view that a person must sacrifice or isolate his values out of loyalty to her government. Thoreau expresses his anti-conformity and individualism in pursuit of a political and ethical cause in spite of opinion of the majority. Can there not be a government in which majorities do not virtually decide right and wrong, but conscience?- in which majorities decide only those questions to which the rule of emolument is applicable? Must the citizen ever for a moment, or in theleast degree, resign his conscience to the legislation? W hy has every man a conscience, hence? I think that we should be men first, and subjects afterward. It is not desirable to cultivate a respect for the law, so much as for the right. The only obligation which I have a right to assume is to do at any time what I think right. This means that first of all a person must be faithful to his opinions and views and do what he thinks and feels is right, he can and must disagree with the government if he thinks its beyond his standards of truth. His idea is that everybody is a man first and a subject afterwards.Everybody has his own feelings upon this or that questions, people are different and they have different beliefs and points of views. Nobody and nothing can make one change his thoughts. Thoreau distinguishes 3 types of people The mass of men serve the state thus, not as men mainly, but as machines, with their bodies. They are the standing army, and the militia, jailers, constables, posse comitatus, etc. In most cases there is no free e xercise whatever of the judgment or of the moral sense but they range themselves on a level with wood and earth and stones and wooden men can perhaps be manufactured that will serve the purpose as well. Such command no more respect than men of straw or a lump of dirt. They have the same sort of worth only as horses and dogs.Yet such as these even are commonly esteemed good citizens. Here he talks about people who behave just the way they are told, they even dont ponder over their attitude to the things they are doing. Thoreau compares them with animals, that have no the ability of thinking, they just do what they are made to do. Others- as most legislators, politicians, lawyers, ministers, and office-holders- serve the state chiefly with their heads and, as they rarely make any moral distinctions, they are as likely to serve the devil, without intending it, as God. These people have the ability of thinking, they know what is right and what is wrong, but in spite of it they still d o things that are profitable for them. They live for themselves and try to gain as much as possible. A very few- as heroes, patriots, martyrs, reformers in the great sense, and men- serve the state with their consciences also, and so necessarily resist it for the most part and they are commonly treated as enemies by it.A wise man will only be useful as a man, and will not submit to be clay, and stop a hole to keep the wind away, but leave that office to his dust at least. These are the individuals who are valued for being aman, for not just having the ability of thinking, but thinking differently. They are not afraid to opposite the others and to detect their thoughts. Thats mainly why these people are not accepted by the majority. He writes that governments authority is impure. Thoreau exhorts to true respect for the individual. There will never be a really free and enlightened State until the State comes to recognize the individual as a higher and supreme power, from which all i ts own power and authority are derived, and treats him accordingly. He says that he dreams of a State that respects the individual, a State that would not mind if a few individuals even chose to live independent of it altogether. This kind of State would prepare the way for an even more perfect and glorious State.Returning to religion we can notice that mostly Americans are religious people. Though the government doesnt dictate any kind of religion to its citizens, people choose to be faithful. all(prenominal) of them believes in his own God, and each of them feels the faith in his own way. Emily Dickinson and Abraham Lincoln were both Christians, both of them read Bible, and the works of both sound like a prayer. But what separates them is that Dickinsons main idea was to believe in God without any proofs. One should not try to find evidence for the existence of God, he should just believe. And Lincolns idea was that North and South pray to the same God and that all people are equ al in effort of God. Also he believed that everything in the world, and the Civil War is not an exception, happens because of God willing.Only the Almighty can decide the fate of people, and the conclusion of the war including. difference on to the second value of this work, its necessary to mention that individualism is one of the most important and inalienable elements for each American. Emerson and Thoreau were ardent supporters of individualism. They hated the society they are against the majority and against those people who obey. They both think that what a person thinks and feels is right, and not what they are forced to think and believe. Emerson also talks about the human intuition, which is according to him the primary wisdom you know something is right just because you feel it. Thoreau by-turn talks about 3 types of people, and elevates the people who are able to think differently and to act differently, without being afraid not to be accepted by the society. Thoreau al so creates in his dreams a new State, where an individual would be respected.

Rape in India

Rape in India Britt some(prenominal) Jones As a woman in the coupled States, rape is the ultimate nightmare, exclusively to women in India its everyday life. Many rape victims stories only when show how the patrol in India fail to respond adequately to execrations, especially crimes involving children or women. On February 14th, three girls that were five, nine, and 11 were raped and murdered in the village of Lakhni, India. When the girls grandfather reported the girls missing to the natural law nothing was done approximately it. After two days, the girls were found dead in an old water well.The bodies were reported as accidental deaths. Nobody took any notice to the girls deaths until protestors blocked a national highway in uproar of the police inaction. When a television reporter from CNN arrived in the village on Thursday, the girls mother said The first day when we filed the complaint about the girls disappearing, the police didnt act on it. Had they looked for the girls , my girls would have been found. This is nothing but negligence. The government offered the family about one million rupees (currency) in compensation for their losses.After the offer the mother said No amount of money is going to bring my girls back. I appeal to the government to catch the culprits and hang them. This case is a prime object lesson of the corruption and negligence of the justice system and the government as a whole in India. In the Indian culture women and children are not looked upon as equals to men. This relates to authoritarian personality, the police arent handling the situations as abruptly as they would if the case were related to men rather than women or children.Theodor Adnoro concluded that highly prejudice people have deep respect for authority and are submissive to authority figures, especially in matters of religion or sex (Adorno et al. 1950). They concluded that are more of like possessions or something to own instead of human beings. It was sol e(prenominal) after a mob of people shut down a highway that people actually started to care about what happened to those little girls. Another example of the negligence of the Indian government is when a young girl was brutally ang raped on a bus in Delhi, the government promised better policing and speedy legal action to protect women inside their homes and outside in the public. While law take formrs prepared to discuss a new law against sexual offense, they tried to honor the news of the recent rape and murder of three young girls on the down low. It was soon after that people took it into their own hands by sidesplitter and blocking the national highway until they were promised a proper investigation. For a rape crime, capital revengement (the death penalty) is the most extreme measure the state views.However, its shown that the death penalty isnt administered evenly. Geography wise it can change your sentence just by where you are when you kill soul. It also can jut th e punishment you receive. Another death penalty dependent would be your social class. For instance, its very rare that someone of much wealth will be sentenced to death. They may rather receive time with just some fines that they can easily afford anyways. Gender is another big bias with the death penalty. Its said to be unheard of for women to be sentenced to death, let alone actually be executed.Statistics show that women commit 9. 6% of the murders, but they make up 1. 8% of death row inmates (Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics 2009). On 3 February 2013, after the public made their voices heard about the brutal rape in Delhi, the Indian Government was forced to pass an ordinance which applied the death penalty in cases of rape that leads to death or leaves the victim in a resolved vegetative state. Although the death sentence is very rarely used in India they do believe in the death penalty because they feel it doesnt involve torture, humiliation, or degrading of oneself. Its usually carried out by hanging, even when upheld on appeal. In Ohio today the punishments for rape are somewhat contrastive than they are in India. The rape of a young child 13 and under could be served a sentence of up to life. However, unlike India the term is pass judgment to be served rather than the convicted just being executed, or in Indias views, hung. I personally feel that rape is a very serious crime and its something that can also affect someone for the rest of their lives. Reading about India and how lightly they take rape crimes just affles me. I cant imagine what the mother of these three little girls was going through, especially with the police having no interest in the fact that her daughters were missing. Its sad to regard that someone could be so heartless to not care about little girls being brutally raped and murder, however Im sure had it been the police forces children it would have been a whole different story. People these days are not only bias but they tend to care only about their selves and ignore the feelings of others.Im from a small companionship where everyone knows everyone and everyone is willing to lend a helping hand. When someone in our town were to die the entire community would come together to help, even if it was just giving their condolences. I realize however that Indias culture is very different than ours and not to mention the situations front much more dangerous. Even though rape crimes seem to be a very frequent crime to them, you would think the police force would take a notice and try and stop this constant reoccurrence rather than ignore whats happening.They are finally passing bills but why did it take a huge riot of the people for them to start taking action. Making the laws is just the first step actually doing something to make them work is the hard part. They can make the laws but in order for things to change theyll actually have to make it as big of a deal as it really is. Find the people, pun ish them, and make sure they know theyll never harm another women or child again. This article was very interesting to read and its interesting to see whats going on in other cultures today.I never would have imagined how lightly things like rape and murder can be handles, especially just because its children and women rather than men. Its sad to think of all the prejudice and bias going on in our world today, and even worse to think that it will probably never end. India needs to make stricter laws and force the police field to do a better job. Reference Rahman, Maseeh India three girls raped and murdered, ages 5,9, and 11. The guardian. 21 February 2013.